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Fact Sheet

Law Enforcement Staffing in California

By Brandon Martin, Magnus Lofstrom, Andrew Skelton

Law enforcement is funded largely at the local level, and almost half of California’s law enforcement officers work for municipal police departments. Staffing levels continued to drop in 2022, though losses vary across agencies.

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Soft Landing? What the Latest Data Says about California’s Economy

By Jenny Duan, Sarah Bohn

New jobs data suggests that taming inflation has not hurt the state's labor market much. While unemployment in California has increased slowly since a low in August 2022, the state's labor market still shows many markers of strength.

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Large Cities Lose Population even as They Add New Housing

By Hans Johnson

In a major shift, new housing in California now outpaces population growth. We look at what kinds of housing are being built where—and potential implications for affordability and future population patterns.

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District Spending of One-Time Funds for Educational Recovery

By Julien Lafortune, Laura Hill, Niu Gao, Joseph Herrera ...

To address COVID-19 disruptions to education, federal and state programs directed billions in stimulus aid to K–12 schools. These programs allocated greater funding to lower-income and high-need districts—and California districts applied their early funds to health, safety, and technology. More recently, spending has prioritized learning recovery.

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Shrinking Household Size Strains California’s Housing Market

By Marisol Cuellar Mejia, Hans Johnson, Julien Lafortune

Changing demographic patterns during the pandemic—with Californians “spreading out” across more housing units—has boosted housing demand, while the pace of new construction has not kept up with the number of new households.

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Job Openings Are Harder to Fill in the COVID Recovery

By Sarah Bohn, Marisol Cuellar Mejia, Julien Lafortune

Rising job openings, falling unemployment, and a smaller workforce mean fewer job seekers per opening than in typical recoveries—and fewer than in good economic times

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New Housing Fails to Make Up for Decades of Undersupply

By Eric McGhee, Jennifer Paluch, Vicki Hsieh

Recently released census data show how California’s new housing has fallen short of population growth over the past decade. While housing in coastal areas is the most expensive, the largest price increases have occurred in inland regions.

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Home Prices Keep Racing up in California

By Marisol Cuellar Mejia, Julien Lafortune, Hans Johnson

Despite the economic downturn resulting from the pandemic, the median California home price increased over the past year, hitting an all-time high.

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How Much Do California Cities Spend on Policing?

By Brandon Martin, Alexandria Gumbs

On a per resident basis, cities’ spending on policing ranges from less than $100 to several thousand dollars, with the vast majority spending between $150 and $450.

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