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string(89613) "MaY 2008 The Public Policy Institute of California is dedicated to informing and improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research on major economic, social, and political issues. The institute’s goal is to raise public awareness and to give elected representatives and other decisionmakers a more informed basis for developing policies and programs. The institute’s research focuses on the underlying forces shaping California’s future, cutting across a wide range of public policy concerns, including economic development, education, environment and resources, governance, population, public finance, and social and health policy. PPIC is a private, nonprofit organization. It does not take or support positions on any ballot measures or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office. PPIC was established in 1994 with an endowment from William R. Hewlett. Mark Baldassare is President and Chief Executive Officer of PPIC. Thomas C. Sutton is Chair of the Board of Directors. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA 500 Washington Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, California 94111 phone: 415.291.4400 fax: 415.291.4401 PPIC Sacramento Center Senator Office Building 1121 L Street, Suite 801 Sacramento, California 95814 phone: 916.440.1120 fax: 916.440.1121 www.ppic.org survey@ppic.org TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Survey Press Release State Budget State Context Regional Map Methodology Questionnaire and Results 1 3 7 15 24 25 27 ABOUT THE SURVEY The PPIC Statewide Survey provides policymakers, the media, and the general public with objective, advocacy-free information on the perceptions, opinions, and public policy preferences of California residents. Inaugurated in April 1998, this is the 86th PPIC Statewide Survey in a series that has generated a database that includes the responses of more than 182,000 Californians. This survey is the 29th in the Californians and Their Government series, which is conducted periodically to examine the social, economic, and political trends that influence public policy preferences and ballot choices. It is supported with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. The current survey seeks to raise public awareness, inform decisionmakers, and stimulate public discussion on the current state budget and other important state issues. In the context of a multi-billion dollar gap between state spending and state revenues, as well as the recent release of the governor’s revised FY09 budget plan, this survey examines Californians’ fiscal perceptions, satisfaction with the governor’s budget plan, priorities for state spending, attitudes toward spending and revenue proposals, and preferences on fiscal reforms. We examine perceptions and attitudes toward Proposition 13 at the 30th anniversary of the passage of this property tax limits initiative. We also look at Californians’ attitudes and preferences in the 2008 presidential election and their support for two eminent domain initiatives, Propositions 98 and 99, on the June ballot. In addition, we analyze their opinions on the current overall direction of the state and its economy and their perceptions of the state’s elected officials. This report presents the responses of 2,003 California adult residents on these specific topics: State fiscal issues, including perceptions of the seriousness of the state’s budget situation, preferred methods for dealing with the state’s multi-billion dollar budget gap, attitudes toward the governor’s budget plan, and concern about spending cuts to health and human services. We also ask about priorities for spending on major categories of the state budget, fiscal policy preferences, and perceptions of potential reforms regarding state spending and revenues. State context, including approval ratings for Governor Schwarzenegger and the state legislature, perceptions of the most important issues facing California today, opinions about the general direction of the state and outlook for the state’s economy, general attitudes toward the Proposition 13 property tax limits initiative, as well as its specific implications for local services and its two-thirds voting requirement, support for Propositions 98 and 99 on the June ballot, the perceived need for change in eminent domain laws, and perceptions of rent control. We also examine presidential candidate favorability ratings and voter preferences in the 2008 presidential election. The extent to which Californians—based on their political party affiliation, region of residence, race/ethnicity, and other demographics—may differ with regard to perceptions, attitudes, and preferences involving state and national issues. Copies of this report may be ordered online (www.ppic.org) or by phone (415-291-4400). For questions about the survey, please contact survey@ppic.org. View our searchable PPIC Statewide Survey database online at http://www.ppic.org/main/survAdvancedSearch.asp. 1 PRESS RELEASE Para ver este comunicado de prensa en español, por favor visite nuestra página de internet: http://www.ppic.org/main/pressreleaseindex.asp PPIC STATEWIDE SURVEY: CALIFORNIANS AND THEIR GOVERNMENT Californians Call Governor’s Lottery Proposal a Bad Bet BUT THEY BACK HIS PLAN FOR TEMPORARY SALES TAX HIKE IF LOTTERY MEASURE LOSES SAN FRANCISCO, California, May 21, 2008 — Most Californians dislike Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s latest budget plan and oppose his proposal to borrow from the state lottery. But they are willing to accept a temporary increase in the sales tax if the governor’s lottery proposal fails, according to a statewide survey released today by the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. The survey finds Californians in a gloomy mood about the state’s fiscal prospects and their own. Vast majorities say the current budget situation is a big problem, the governor can’t be trusted to make the tough choices needed, and the state is headed in the wrong direction. But as a polarized legislature heads into a summer of difficult budget negotiations, the survey reveals the same deep partisan divisions among residents over how to deal with a multibillion-dollar budget gap. “Californians are divided about whether they’d rather pay higher taxes and get more services or pay lower taxes and get less in the way of services,” says PPIC president and CEO Mark Baldassare. “Even independents are divided. “But overall, Californians don’t like what they’ve heard so far from their leaders. They haven’t heard a compelling argument about why they should agree to a permanent tax increase, particularly in this economy. They’re reluctant to make an investment themselves when they feel that the legislature and governor haven’t been good money managers.” SATISFACTION WITH SCHWARZENEGGER BUDGET PLAN HITS NEW LOW In his revised 2008-2009 budget, announced on May 14, the governor scaled back his proposal to make deep cuts in K-12 public education and dropped plans to close many state parks and release nonviolent prisoners early. His new plan would maintain K-12 funding but exclude any cost-of-living increases. It calls for deep cuts in health and human services to seniors, the poor, the disabled, and recent immigrants. To raise revenue, the governor proposes borrowing about $15 billion against future proceeds from the state lottery. The lottery plan involves adding new games and promotions to boost sales, which would require voter approval in November. If it fails, a temporary one-cent sales tax increase would go into effect. When they are read a brief summary of the governor’s revised plan, just 35 percent of residents and likely voters say they are satisfied with it, the lowest level of satisfaction since Schwarzenegger took office in 2003. Majorities of residents (56%) and likely voters (57%) are dissatisfied. 3 Californians and Their Government Solid majorities of residents (58%) and likely voters (62%) oppose the governor’s plan to borrow money from future lottery earnings, and they do so across party lines (62% Democrats, 60% independents, 53% Republicans). Majorities of residents (54%) and likely voters (57%) favor a temporary increase in the sales tax if the lottery plan fails. A majority of Democrats (62%) and independents (56%) back the plan, with about half of Republicans (51%) favoring it. The potential temporary sales tax increase is the only tax increase included in the governor’s revised budget. Asked whether they believe tax increases should be part of his plan, residents are split (48% yes, 46% no), although the percentage favoring tax increases has risen sharply since December (30%). Residents are deeply split along party lines on the question, with 62 percent of Democrats saying tax increases should be in the governor’s budget while 62 percent of Republicans oppose. CONCERN OVER HEALTH CUTS, BUT DESIRE TO SPARE SCHOOLS IS STRONGER Nearly eight in 10 residents are very concerned (42%) or somewhat concerned (36%) about the impact of proposed spending cuts on health and human services. Levels of concern vary widely across party lines and among demographic groups. A majority of Democrats (55%) are very concerned compared to about one in five Republicans (22%) and one in three independents (34%). Latinos (53%) are far more likely than whites (36%) to be very concerned, and women more likely (46%) than men (37%). When asked which area of the budget they most wanted to see spared from cuts, six in 10 residents (61%) choose K-12 public education – the top choice in previous surveys, as well – with health and human services (17%) a distant second, followed by higher education (12%), and prisons and corrections (7%). CALIFORNIANS UNITED IN PERCEIVING A PROBLEM Two in three Californians consider the current budget situation a big problem (67%) and believe that major changes are needed in the state’s budget process (65%). As residents’ perception of the problem has grown, their faith in the governor to make tough budget choices has declined from 24 percent in January to 17 percent today. Californians put more trust in legislators to make these choices, with 37 percent preferring the Democrats’ approach and 20 percent preferring the Republicans’ approach. But it’s clear that Californians’ trust is in the legislators of their own parties, rather than in the legislature as a whole. A strong majority of Democrats (63%) want Democratic lawmakers to handle the budget, while nearly half of Republicans (46%) prefer GOP lawmakers’ approach, and one in four (25%) favor the governor’s approach. BUT THEY’RE DIVIDED OVER HOW TO SOLVE IT A plurality of residents (43%) say the budget gap should be closed through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, while a third (33%) would close it mostly through cuts. Fewer than one in 10 residents (8%) prefer tax increases alone. Opinion is divided along party lines, with half of Republicans (51%) favoring spending cuts and a majority of Democrats (54%) favoring a mix of cuts and taxes. Among independents, more favor a combined approach (44%) over spending cuts alone (36%). TAX HIKES BACKED, BUT ONLY FOR CORPORATIONS, THE RICH While strong majorities favor raising state taxes paid by California corporations (63%) or state income taxes paid by the wealthiest Californians (69%), there is considerably less willingness to increase taxes on all residents. Only 35 percent favor a permanent increase in the state portion of the sales tax. The results are similar on the question of whether to increase the annual vehicle license fee, which the governor reduced after he took office. Today, only 37 percent of Californians favor increasing the fee. 4 PPIC Statewide Survey Press Release BUDGET REFORMS A HARD SELL WITH ONE EXCEPTION While Californians believe that the budget process needs fixing, they are less enthusiastic about some specific structural reforms proposed in recent years. Currently, a two-thirds vote of the legislature is required to pass a budget, and only four in 10 residents (42%) favor lowering the threshold to a 55percent majority vote. A proposal to extend the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed – such as accounting services, haircuts and auto repairs – fares even less well, with just 37 percent saying this is a good idea. Californians confirm their distaste for changing the state lottery when asked if it should be leased to a private company as a way to make more money, as some state leaders have suggested. Just one in four (26%) say this is a good idea. But two in three residents (66%) say it is a good idea to limit increases in state spending each year. A constitutional amendment proposed by the governor that would limit state spending increases, as well as establish a reserve fund and allow for midyear spending cuts, gets strong support, with 59 percent of residents and 61 percent of likely voters in favor. BLEAK VIEW OF ECONOMY, STATE’S DIRECTION With just one in four (24%) saying the state is heading in the right direction and 65 percent saying it’s heading in the wrong direction, Californians’ views of the state of the state have hit lows not seen since months leading up to the 2003 governor’s recall election (22% in August 2003, 24% in September 2003). Residents in Los Angeles (69%), the Central Valley (69%), and the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely to say things are going in the wrong direction than those in the San Francisco Bay Area (58%). As they have since the beginning of the year, Californians place jobs and the economy (36%) at the top of their list of worries, followed in this month’s survey by gasoline prices (15%), education (8%), immigration (7%), and the state budget (6%). MORE KEY FINDINGS Double-digit drop in approval ratings for governor, legislature — Page 17 The governor’s overall approval rating (41%) has seen a double-digit decline, sliding 16 points since December and 12 points from a year ago. After his budget revision, his approval rating on handling the budget (32%) has dipped to its lowest level since 2004. The legislature lags even further behind, with its overall approval rating (26%) dropping 15 points since December and 11 points from a year ago. Thirty years later, support strong for Proposition 13 — Pages 18, 19 As the 30th anniversary of the passage of Proposition 13 approaches next month, a solid majority (59%) of residents feel positive about the measure that limits property tax rates to 1 percent of assessed value at the time of purchase, restricts property tax increases to 2 percent a year, and requires a two-thirds majority vote to pass local special taxes. Californians are more divided in their views of the measure’s effect on local government services (27% good effect, 28% bad effect, 29% no effect) and the fairness of the provision that requires homeowners who recently purchased a home to pay higher property taxes than longtime owners (41% favor this provision, 51% are opposed). June eminent domain measures trailing — Page 20 Propositions 98 and 99 are aimed at changing the government’s power to take private property. While seven in 10 likely voters say the government’s power of eminent domain needs major changes (39%) or minor ones (32%), support for these two propositions is falling short of approval. May 2008 5 Californians and Their Government Proposition 98, which would bar state and local governments from seizing private property to give it to another private party, would also ban rent control. When they are read the ballot measure, 30 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 48 percent would vote no, and 22 percent are not sure. This is a drop in support for the measure since March (37% yes, 41% no, 22% unsure). When asked their views about rent control, 54 percent of likely voters say it is a good thing and 38 percent say it is a bad thing. Attitudes toward rent control are favorable among both homeowners (51%) and renters (63%). A majority of Democrats (66%) and half of independents (51%) favor rent control, while a majority of Republicans (53%) say it is a bad thing. Proposition 99, which would block the government from taking a single family home or condominium to transfer to another private party, would allow eminent domain for public uses and would not ban rent control. Among likely voters, 44 percent say they would vote yes, 36 percent say no, and 20 percent are unsure. Presidential preview: See how they run — Page 22 As the presidential primary season winds down, Barack Obama has the highest favorability rating of the candidates (59% among likely voters). Hillary Clinton has an unfavorable rating (51% vs. 46% favorable) in the state where she won the primary nearly four months ago. While Obama’s and Clinton’s ratings have remained about the same since March, John McCain’s ratings have declined somewhat (49% favorable in March vs. 42% favorable, 53% unfavorable today). Among independent voters, Obama has the highest favorability rating (60%). Independent voters are divided in their ratings of Clinton (46% favorable, 50% unfavorable), and give McCain an unfavorable rating (53% vs. 41% favorable). Latinos give Clinton the highest favorability ratings among the candidates (72% Clinton, 68% Obama, 38% McCain). If the general election were held today, likely voters would favor Obama over McCain by 17 points (54% to 37%), an improvement for Obama since March (49% to 40%). Likely voters favor Clinton over McCain by 12 points (51% to 39%), an improvement for her also since March (46% to 43%). Californians fail budget math quiz — Page 12 When asked which area gets the biggest share of state spending, only 20 percent of residents correctly identified K-12 education. Asked where the biggest chunk of revenue comes from, only 32 percent give the correct answer: personal income tax. ABOUT THE SURVEY This survey is the 29th in the Californians and Their Government series, conducted periodically to examine the social, economic, and political trends that influence public policy preferences and ballot choices. It is supported with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. Findings are based on a telephone survey of 2,003 California adult residents interviewed from May 12 to 18, 2008. Beginning on May 14, when the governor released his revised budget, 1,503 adults also answered six questions on this topic. Interviews were conducted in English or Spanish. The sampling error for the total sample is +/- 2%. For the six questions asked of the 1,503 adults beginning May 14, it is +/-2.5%, and for the 1,086 likely voters, it is +/- 3%. For more information on methodology, see page 25. Mark Baldassare is president and CEO of PPIC, where he holds the Arjay and Frances Fearing Miller Chair in Public Policy. He is founder of the PPIC Statewide Survey, which he has directed since 1998. This is the 86th PPIC Statewide Survey in a series that has generated a database that includes the responses of more than 182,000 Californians. PPIC is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to informing and improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research on major economic, social, and political issues. The institute was established in 1994 with an endowment from William R. Hewlett. PPIC does not take or support positions on any ballot measure or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office. 6 PPIC Statewide Survey STATE BUDGET KEY FINDINGS About two in three Californians describe the current budget situation as a big problem and believe that major changes are needed in the state’s budget process. (page 8) Voters are divided along party lines over how to deal with the state’s budget gap and whether they favor the fiscal approach of Democratic or Republican legislators. (page 9) Most Californians are dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan, express concern about spending reductions in health and human services, and oppose the proposal to borrow from the lottery. But they would be willing to temporarily raise the sales tax by one cent if the lottery proposal fails, and they strongly favor the governor’s idea for spending limits. (pages 10, 11) Californians want to protect K-12 education from spending cuts more than other major state program areas. They are deeply divided along party lines in their preferences for the size of state government. (page 12) In terms of general reform, voters are in favor of raising taxes on corporations and the wealthy, but they oppose raising either the state sales tax or vehicle license fees. They favor spending limits, but oppose both a lowering of the two-thirds budget vote threshold and extending the sales tax to services. Few favor leasing the lottery to reduce the budget gap. (pages 13, 14) Budget Situation in California 100 Percent calling it a "big problem" 80 70 73 70 71 61 58 60 64 67 45 44 40 Percent all adults 20 0 ay 08 M 08 07 07 06 05 05 06 04 04 May Jan ay Jan May Jan M ay Jan Jan M Satisfaction with the Governor's Budget Plan 100 Percent saying they are "satisfied" Percent all adults 80 57 60 50 68 60 57 62 44 38 40 38 35 20 0 ay 08 M 08 07 07 06 04 04 05 05 06 May Jan ay Jan May Jan May Jan M Jan Governor's Budget Plans Borrowing About $15 Billion Against Lottery Over 3 Years Increasing State Sales Tax by One Cent if Voters Reject Lottery Plan 8 62 Likely voters 3 30 40 57 Favor Oppose Don't know 7 Californians and Their Government STATE BUDGET SITUATION The state of California currently faces a projected multi-billion dollar budget deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year. How do residents perceive the current state budget situation—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues? Vast majorities of all adults (67%), likely voters (76%), and voters across political parties (75% Republicans, 72% Democrats, 70% independents) perceive the budget situation in California as a big problem. About two in three residents have called the budget situation a big problem since January (64% January, 68% March, 67% today). Today, few residents say the budget situation in California is not a problem. Majorities across all demographic groups call the state budget situation a big problem, but some groups are more likely to hold this view than others. About seven in 10 residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (70%), Central Valley (69%), and Other Southern California region (69%) call it a big problem, as compared to 59 percent of Los Angeles residents. Across racial/ethnic groups, whites are much more likely than Latinos (73% to 55%) to perceive the budget situation as a serious problem, and the percentage expressing this view increases with age, education, and income levels. “Do you think the state budget situation in California—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues—is a big problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem for the people of California today?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Big problem 67% 72% 75% 70% Somewhat of a problem 27 24 22 25 Not a problem 4 124 Don’t know 2 311 Likely Voters 76% 22 1 1 On top of these negative perceptions of the current budget picture, a substantial majority of residents believe the state budget process—in terms of both revenues and spending—is in need of major changes (65%). Likely voters are somewhat more likely than residents to say major change is needed (70%). Findings among all residents and likely voters are identical to March. Majorities across the state’s political and demographic groups think the budget process is in need of major changes; however, Central Valley (70%) residents are somewhat more likely than residents in other regions to say major changes are needed. The belief that major changes are needed increases with age and income levels. Of the 67 percent who believe the budget situation is a big problem, 76 percent also believe the process is in need of major changes. “Overall, do you think the state budget process in California, in terms of both revenues and spending, is in need of major changes, minor changes, or do you think it is fine the way it is?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Major changes 65% 66% 69% 64% 70% Minor changes 24 26 25 26 24 Fine the way it is 7 529 3 Don’t know 4 341 3 8 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget DEALING WITH THE BUDGET GAP A plurality of residents (43%) prefer to deal with the state’s budget gap through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, while 33 percent prefer using spending cuts. Just 8 percent prefer using tax increases to close the gap and just 6 percent say it is okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit. Likely voters express similar preferences. The percentage favoring a combination of spending cuts and tax increases was similar in March (42%) and January (41%), but lower in December 2007 (36%) when most preferred spending cuts alone (42%). Opinion is divided along partisan lines, with half of Republicans (51%) favoring spending cuts and a majority of Democrats (54%) favoring a mix of both cuts and taxes. More independents favor a combined approach (44%) over spending cuts alone (36%). Across regions, San Francisco Bay Area (52%) residents are the most likely to say a combined approach should be considered, while Central Valley and Other Southern California residents are divided between spending cuts alone and a combined approach. “How would you prefer to deal with the state's budget gap?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Mostly through spending cuts 33% 23% 51% 36% Mostly through tax increases 8 10 3 7 Through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases 43 54 34 44 Okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit 6 5 4 6 Other 33 3 2 Don’t know 75 5 5 Likely Voters 36% 9 47 3 3 2 When asked who they trust most to make the tough choices involved in the state budget, residents prefer legislators—37 percent legislative Democrats, 20 percent legislative Republicans—over the governor (17%). Likely voters also prefer the approach of Democrats (36%) or Republicans (22%) in the legislature over that of Governor Schwarzenegger (19%). In January, residents were more likely to prefer the governor’s approach (24%) to that of Republicans in the legislature (18%), but were just as likely (37%) as they are today to prefer the Democrats’ approach. Currently, a sizeable majority of Democrats (63%) prefer legislative Democrats to handle the budget, while nearly half of Republicans prefer legislative Republicans (46%) and one in four prefer the governor (25%). “When it comes to the tough choices involved in the state budget, both in deciding how much Californians should pay in taxes and how to fund state programs, whose approach do you most prefer—Governor Schwarzenegger’s, the Democrats’ in the legislature, or the Republicans’ in the legislature?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Democrats’ in the legislature 37% 63% 6% 29% 36% Republicans’ in the legislature 20 4 46 20 22 Governor Schwarzenegger’s 17 13 25 24 19 Other 11111 None (volunteered) 75687 Don't know 18 14 16 18 15 May 2008 9 Californians and Their Government GOVERNOR’S BUDGET PROPOSAL Governor Schwarzenegger released the May revision of his 2008-09 budget proposal on May 14. This two-page section shows results recorded after the release. The May budget revision retains some of the spending cuts the governor proposed in January, but it removes proposals for the early release of nonviolent prisoners and the closure of state parks. It also revises the plan to suspend minimum spending levels for K-12 public schools (as required by Proposition 98), and instead proposes maintaining K-12 funding without cost of living increases. The budget plan includes spending reductions in health and human services. To raise revenue, the governor proposes borrowing about $15 billion against state lottery income over three years. This idea would need to be approved by voters in November and if they reject the plan, a temporary one-cent sales tax would be triggered. After being read a brief summary of the governor’s revised budget plan, majorities of residents (56%) and likely voters (57%) express dissatisfaction. Thirty-five percent of residents and likely voters express satisfaction. This is the lowest level of satisfaction recorded since Governor Schwarzenegger took office. Across parties today, majorities of Democrats (66%) and independents (52%) are dissatisfied, while 51 percent of Republicans are satisfied. At least half of residents across all demographic groups express dissatisfaction, but Latinos are much more likely than whites (63% to 52%) to do so. “Governor Schwarzenegger proposed a budget plan for the general fund in the next fiscal year that attempts to close the budget gap by borrowing against future state lottery income, maintaining K-12 education funding but not providing cost of living increases, and reducing spending for health and human services. The plan includes no new taxes unless voters reject the lottery plan. In general, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Satisfied 35% 26% 51% 41% 35% Dissatisfied 56 66 39 52 57 Don’t know/Haven’t heard about the budget (volunteered) 9 8 10 7 8 Governor Schwarzenegger’s budget proposal does not contain any tax increases, unless voters reject the plan to borrow against state lottery income. In general, residents and likely voters are divided over tax increases. Since last December, the percentage of residents saying tax increases should be included in the budget has risen sharply, and today it is similar to early 2008, when the governor released his initial budget plan (30% December, 46% January, 48% today). Currently, voters are deeply divided along partisan lines over tax increases, with 62 percent of Democrats saying they should be part of the budget and 62 percent of Republicans saying they should not. Most San Francisco Bay Area residents (58%) favor including tax increases, while half of Other Southern California (50%) residents are opposed, and Los Angeles and Central Valley residents are divided. Support for taxes declines with increases in age, and rises with increases in income. A majority of college graduates also supports tax increases. “Do you think that tax increases should be included in the governor’s budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Yes 48% 62% 33% 49% 50% No 46 33 62 45 46 Don't know 65564 10 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget GOVERNOR’S BUDGET PROPOSAL (CONTINUED) After learning of the governor’s May revisions, nearly eight in 10 residents are very (42%) or somewhat concerned (36%) about the effects of spending reductions in the area of health and human services, and three in four likely voters are also very (42%) or somewhat concerned (34%). Levels of concern vary widely across parties, with a majority of Democrats (55%) saying they are very concerned, compared to 22 percent of Republicans and 34 percent of independents. Across racial/ethnic groups, Latinos (53%) are far more likely than whites (36%) to be very concerned about the effects of spending reductions in health and human services. Women (46%) are more likely than men (37%) to be very concerned, and older and lower-income residents are much more likely than others to be very concerned. “Overall, how concerned are you about the effects of the spending reductions in health and human services in the governor's budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Very concerned 42% 55% 22% 34% Somewhat concerned 36 34 36 42 Not too concerned 13 5 24 16 Not at all concerned 7 3 14 7 Don’t know 2341 Likely Voters 42% 34 13 8 3 Solid majorities of residents (58%), likely voters (62%), and registered voters across parties (62% Democrats, 60% independents, 53% Republicans) oppose the governor’s plan to borrow money from future state lottery earnings. This proposal would be put before voters next November and if it does not pass, the temporary one-cent sales tax would go into effect. Majorities of residents (54%), likely voters (57%), Democrats (62%), and independents (56%) would favor temporarily increasing the sales tax if the lottery plan fails, and half of Republicans (51%) agree. “Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to…” All Adults Dem Party Rep …borrow about $15 billion against future state lottery income over the next three years? Favor Oppose Don't know 33% 30% 58 62 98 38% 53 9 …temporarily increase the state Favor 54 62 sales tax by one cent if California voters reject Oppose 41 35 borrowing money against state lottery income? Don't know 5 3 51 45 4 Likely Voters Ind 31% 30% 60 62 98 56 57 39 40 53 The governor has also proposed a constitutional amendment—the Budget Stabilization Act—which would limit the amount of money that state spending could increase each year, establish a rainy day fund, and allow for mid-year spending cuts. This proposal would also require voter approval. Residents are favorable about the constitutional amendment to limit spending and establish a reserve fund. Strong majorities of residents (59%) and likely voters (61%), say this is a good idea, which is slightly lower than in January, when the governor first proposed it (64% residents, 65% likely voters). Across parties today, solid majorities say this is a good idea (69% Republicans, 57% independents, 57% Democrats). May 2008 11 Californians and Their Government STATE SPENDING AND TAXES In recent years, K-12 education has been the largest area of state spending, followed by health and human services, higher education, and youth and adult corrections. When asked what the top area of spending is, only 20 percent of residents say K-12 education, while 37 percent say youth and adult corrections, 27 percent say health and human services, and 7 percent say higher education. When asked what provides the most revenue for the state budget, only 32 percent give the correct answer— personal income tax—while 28 percent say the sales tax (the second largest area of state revenue), 23 percent say corporate taxes (the third largest), and 8 percent name motor vehicle fees (fourth largest). In all, 7 percent of adults can correctly name both the top spending (K-12 education) and the top revenue (personal income tax) sources for the state. When asked about the area of state spending they most want to protect from budget cuts, six in 10 residents (61%) and likely voters (62%) say K-12 education. K-12 education has been the top choice in previous surveys as well (62% June 2003, 59% January 2004, 54% April 2005, 57% January 2008, 61% today). Over half across parties, regions, and demographic groups today name K-12 education as the area they most want to protect. “Some of the largest areas for state spending are: K-12 public education, higher education, health and human services, and prisons and corrections. Thinking about these four areas of state spending, I’d like you to name the one you most want to protect from spending cuts.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind K-12 public education 61% 60% 63% 55% 62% Health and human services 17 21 12 18 16 Higher education 12 12 10 16 12 Prisons and corrections 7 4 11 8 7 Don’t know 33433 In terms of their general spending and tax preference, about half of residents (49%) and 45 percent of likely voters say they would rather pay higher taxes and have more services, while 43 percent of residents and half of likely voters (47%) would rather pay lower taxes and have fewer services. Support today for higher taxes and more services is similar to last May (52%). Opinion today continues to be deeply divided along party lines, with 64 percent of Democrats favoring higher taxes and more services and 69 percent of Republicans favoring lower taxes and fewer services. Independents are divided (45% higher taxes/more services, 49% lower taxes/fewer services). Latinos are far more likely than whites (64% to 44%) to favor higher taxes and more services. “In general, which of the following statements do you agree with more—I’d rather pay higher taxes and have a state government that provides more services, or I’d rather pay lower taxes and have a state government that provides fewer services?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Higher taxes and more services 49% 64% 24% 45% 45% Lower taxes and fewer services 43 29 69 49 47 Don't know 87768 12 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget RAISING REVENUES Many Californians are willing to raise taxes to reduce the budget gap—if those taxes are imposed on corporations and the wealthiest Californians. But far fewer support raising the state portion of the sales tax or raising the annual vehicle license fee. Six in 10 Californians (63%) and likely voters (62%) favor raising the state taxes paid by California corporations. Democrats and independents favor this tax increase, while Republicans are divided. Across the state’s regions, over six in 10 residents support this proposal. This proposal received strong majority support among adults in 2005 (60%) and 2007 (59%), but today’s level of support is even higher. Residents (69%) and likely voters (64%) are both in favor of raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians. Democrats are much more likely to favor this proposal than independents and Republicans. Over six in 10 residents across regions favor this proposal. Strong majorities have expressed support each time we have asked this question since 2004. “Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about raising the state taxes paid by California corporations? Favor Oppose Don't know 63% 75% 47% 61% 62% 32 21 48 34 34 54554 How about raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians? Favor Oppose Don't know 69 82 46 64 64 28 16 49 34 33 32523 Only 35 percent of residents and 39 percent of likely voters favor raising the state portion of the sales tax. Support for a sales tax increase was similar in January (33% adults, 34% likely voters), and support among adults has not eclipsed 40 percent any of the times that we have asked this question since 2004. Democrats are more likely than Republicans and independents to favor increasing the sales tax. San Francisco Bay Area (45%) residents are the most likely to be in favor of this proposal. Governor Schwarzenegger reduced the annual vehicle license fee when he took office in November 2003. Today, only 37 percent of California residents and 42 percent of likely voters favor increasing the vehicle license fee. In January, a similar 41 percent of adults held this view. Democrats are more likely than independents or Republicans to favor increasing the fee, and San Francisco Bay Area (50%) residents are the most likely, while Central Valley (26%) residents are the least likely to favor increasing this fee. “Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about raising the state portion of the sales tax? Favor Oppose Don't know 35% 43% 32% 31% 39% 61 53 65 65 57 44344 How about increasing the annual vehicle license fee that was reduced a few years ago? Favor Oppose Don't know 37 47 30 36 42 61 50 68 63 56 23212 May 2008 13 Californians and Their Government STRUCTURAL REFORMS A variety of fiscal proposals aimed at making long-term structural reforms to the state budget have been discussed in recent years. About four in 10 California adults (42%) and likely voters (39%) think it is a good idea to replace the two-thirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the legislature to pass a budget. Democrats and independents are more likely than Republicans to favor this proposal. Support for this proposal has been below a majority each time we have asked this question since 2003. Another proposal is to strictly limit the amount of money by which state spending could increase each year. Two in three residents and likely voters think this proposal is a good idea. While majorities across parties favor strictly limiting annual state spending increases, Republicans are far more likely than Democrats or independents to say it is a good idea. Support for this proposal has been over 50 percent each time we have asked this question since 2003 and was similar in January (67%). However, last May far fewer said this was a good idea (53%). “Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about replacing the twothirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the state legislature to pass a budget? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 42% 48% 32% 48% 39% 48 43 59 47 53 10 9 9 5 8 How about strictly limiting the amount of money that state spending could increase each year? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 66 61 81 60 68 28 34 15 34 26 6 5 4 66 Another proposal to increase state revenue would extend the current state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed. Thirty-seven percent of adult residents and 35 percent of likely voters support this proposal. Across parties, fewer than four in 10 support it. Each time we asked this question since 2005, less than a majority of residents has said it is a good idea. Recently, state elected officials have suggested leasing the California State Lottery to a private company as a way to raise revenue. How do Californians view this proposal? Only one in four adults and likely voters say leasing the lottery is a good idea. Less than one in three across parties favors this proposal. A similar percentage of Californians and likely voters held this view in January (28% each). “Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about extending the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed, such as legal and accounting services, auto repairs, and haircuts? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 37% 39% 32% 39% 35% 59 58 66 58 63 43232 How about leasing the California State Lottery to a private company? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 26 20 30 25 25 59 64 54 63 59 15 16 16 12 16 14 PPIC Statewide Survey STATE CONTEXT KEY FINDINGS Californians continue to say the economy is the most important issue facing the state today. Nearly three in four expect bad economic times in the next year and two in three believe the state is headed in the wrong direction. (page 16) Approval ratings of the state’s elected officials have fallen sharply since last year. Majorities of Californians today disapprove of the way that Governor Schwarzenegger is handling the state budget and his job overall. Even larger majorities express disapproval of the legislature. (page 17) Six in 10 Californians say the Proposition 13 tax limit initiative that passed 30 years ago has been a good thing. Few see bad effects of Proposition 13, and most oppose changing its requirement for a two-thirds majority to approve local special taxes. (pages 18, 19) Support for both of the eminent domain initiatives on the June ballot—Propositions 98 and 99—falls short of a majority. Most Californians say that eminent domain laws are in need of changes, and most say that rent control is a good thing. (pages 20, 21) Nearly half of likely voters are very closely following news about the presidential election. Barack Obama has the most favorable image among the three remaining presidential candidates. If the presidential election were held today, John McCain trails Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton by double-digit margins in the state. (pages 22, 23) Economic Outlook for California 100 Expect good times financially Expect bad times financially 80 73 Percent all adults 60 56 58 51 49 52 50 44 40 38 39 42 39 37 38 32 20 17 0 May Aug Jun May May May May May 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Approval Ratings of State Elected Officials 100 80 64 60 Governor Legislature Percent who approve 53 Percent all adults 40 40 20 40 36 37 26 26 41 26 0 May May May May May 04 05 06 07 08 Eminent Domain Ballot Initiatives 60 Percent who would vote "yes" Percent likely voters 50 53 40 37 30 20 30 44 10 0 M arch M ay Proposition 98 M arch M ay Proposition 99 15 Californians and Their Government OVERALL MOOD Californians continue to name jobs and the economy (36%) as the most important issue facing the state today. Fifteen percent name gasoline prices, while fewer mention education and schools (8%), immigration (7%), or the state budget (6%). The mention of jobs and the economy has topped the list of most important issues facing the state since the beginning of the year. Today, residents across all regions of the state name jobs and the economy as the top issue, with Los Angeles residents (39%) the most likely and Central Valley residents (30%) the least likely. “Thinking about the state as a whole, what do you think is the most important issue facing people in California today?” Top five issues mentioned Jobs, economy All Adults 36% Central Valley 30% Region San Francisco Los Angeles Bay Area 35% 39% Other Southern California 37% Gasoline prices 15 19 9 14 17 Education, schools 84 14 7 7 Immigration, illegal immigration 7 7 3 9 9 State budget, deficit, taxes 6 7 8 4 7 Likely Voters 33% 12 10 8 10 Echoing their general concerns about the economy, nearly three in four residents think the state will have bad economic times during the next 12 months; just 17 percent say we will have good times. Findings today are similar to March, when a record 76 percent said they expected bad times. More than two in three across all regional and demographic groups share this negative outlook. Democrats (78%) are more likely than independents (73%) and Republicans (66%) to say they expect bad times. Californians express negative views about the overall direction the state is heading. Just one in four (24%) think the state is heading in the right direction and 65 percent say it is heading in the wrong direction. Findings today again mirror the negative views held by residents in March (26% right direction, 63% wrong direction). About two in three across parties say things are going in the wrong direction. Across regions, residents in Los Angeles (69%), the Central Valley (69%), and the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely to say things in California are going in the wrong direction than residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (58%). Majorities across other demographic groups say the state is going in the wrong direction. With only 24 percent of adults today saying the state is headed in the right direction, negative views about the state of the state have dropped to lows for the decade, matching the lows leading up to the 2003 gubernatorial recall election (22% August 2003, 24% September 2003, 22% in October 2003). “Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Right direction 24% 24% 26% 23% 24% Wrong direction 65 66 64 67 67 Don’t know 11 10 10 10 9 16 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context STATE ELECTED OFFICIALS’ APPROVAL RATINGS Governor Schwarzenegger’s approval rating of 41 percent today is 9 points lower than in January, 16 points lower than last December, and 12 points lower than a year ago. Today, four in 10 adults (41%) and likely voters (45%) approve of the governor’s job performance. Republicans (53%) are more likely than independents (44%) and Democrats (37%) to say they approve. Fewer than half of adults across regions approve of the governor, with those in the Central Valley (48%) the most likely to approve. Whites (52%) are far more likely than Latinos (23%) and men (47%) are more likely than women (35%) to say they approve of his job performance. The governor’s approval ratings drop further on the issue of the budget and taxes. In the wake of the governor’s budget revision, about one in three adults (32%) and likely voters (35%) approve of the governor’s handling of the state budget and taxes. The governor’s approval on this issue has dropped slightly since January (36%) and is at its lowest point since we began asking this question in 2004. About half of Republicans (47%) say they approve, while fewer independents (34%) and Democrats (25%) hold this view. Across regions, residents in the Central Valley (44%) are most approving, while fewer than one in three in other regions approve. Whites (40%) are far more likely than Latinos (18%) to approve of his handling of budget and taxes. Approve Disapprove Don’t know “Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Arnold Schwarzenegger is handling his job as governor of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind 41% 37% 53% 44% 51 56 41 48 8 768 Likely Voters 45% 49 6 Approval of the California Legislature continues to lag well behind the governor’s approval ratings, with 26 percent of adults and 23 percent of likely voters approving of the legislature’s job performance. Similar to the governor’s, the legislature’s ratings have dropped 8 points since January, 15 points since last December, and 11 points from a year ago. Today, Democrats (29%) and independents (25%) are more likely than Republicans (19%) to approve of the legislature and fewer than three in 10 across regions approve. Latinos (32%) are more likely than whites (23%) to say they approve. As for the legislature’s handling of the state budget and taxes, Californians are even more negative in their assessments, with less than one in five residents (19%) and likely voters (16%) approving. The legislature’s ratings along this dimension have dropped 5 points since January (24%) and are at the lowest point since 2003. Fewer than one in five Californians across regions approve. Latinos (25%) are more likely than whites (17%) to approve and approval declines with age and income. “Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California legislature is handling its job?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Approve 26% 29% 19% 25% 23% Disapprove 57 53 71 63 65 Don’t know 17 18 10 12 12 May 2008 17 Californians and Their Government PROPOSITION 13: THIRTY YEARS LATER This year marks the 30th anniversary of Proposition 13, the June 1978 citizen’s initiative that passed and led to a constitutional amendment that limits the property tax rate to 1 percent of assessed value at the time of purchase and restricts annual property tax increases to no more than 2 percent, and requires a two-thirds majority vote to pass local special taxes. Support for Proposition 13 remains high today. A solid majority of adult residents (59%) and likely voters (67%) say that passing Proposition 13 has been mostly a good thing for California. In 2003, at the 25th anniversary of Proposition 13, 57 percent of Californians and 65 percent of likely voters held this view. Today, Republicans (80%) are much more likely than independents (57%) and Democrats (56%) to say it is mostly a good thing. Across regions, residents in the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely than others to hold this view. Whites (67%) are far more likely than Latinos (47%) and homeowners (67%) are far more likely than renters (47%) to say Proposition 13 is mostly a good thing. Mostly a good thing Mostly a bad thing Mixed (volunteered) Don’t know “Overall, do you feel passing Proposition 13 turned out to be mostly a good thing for California or mostly a bad thing?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind 59% 56% 80% 57% 27 31 11 29 2 322 12 10 7 12 Likely Voters 67% 24 2 7 Californians are divided regarding the effect that property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had on local government services provided to residents (27% good effect, 28% bad effect, 29% no effect). In 1998, at its 20th anniversary, 38 percent of Californians said that Proposition 13 had a good effect and 23 percent said a bad effect on local government services. Today, Republicans are the most likely to say that Proposition 13 has had a good effect, while Democrats are the most likely to say bad effect. Los Angeles (30%) and Other Southern California region (30%) residents are the most likely to say it has had a good effect, and San Francisco Bay Area (36%) residents are the most likely to say it has had a bad effect. Homeowners are more likely than renters to say that Proposition 13 has had a good effect (32% to 22%). “Overall, do you think the property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Good effect 27% 25% 36% 27% 31% Bad effect 28 35 14 30 30 No effect 29 26 36 29 28 Don’t know 16 14 14 14 11 As a result of Proposition 13 and increases in home prices in California, a recent homebuyer will pay much higher property taxes than a homeowner who bought a similar home several years ago in the same area. How do Californians feel about this consequence? Forty-one percent of Californians are in favor and 51 percent are opposed, with Republicans (59%), residents in the Other Southern California region (46%), and homeowners (52%) being the most likely to favor this feature. In 1998, at the time of the 20th anniversary, 35 percent were in favor and 59 percent were opposed. 18 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context PROPOSITION 13: THIRTY YEARS LATER (CONTINUED) Another feature of Proposition 13 is its requirement that any new local special taxes need a two-thirds majority vote to pass. How do Californians view the effects of this on local government services? They are divided. About three in 10 Californians say the supermajority vote requirement has had a good effect (32%), while 28 percent say a bad effect, and 25 percent say it has had no effect on local government services. In 1998, at its 20th anniversary, 38 percent said the supermajority vote had had a good effect, 22 percent said a bad effect, and 28 percent said no effect on local government services. There are partisan differences evident today. Most Republicans (48%) and independents (41%) say the supermajority requirement has had a good effect, but only 26 percent of Democrats agree. Whites (37%) are much more likely than Latinos (24%) and homeowners (38%) are more likely than renters (23%) to say the supermajority vote imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect. “Under Proposition 13, a two-thirds vote at the ballot box is required to pass any new local special taxes. Overall, do you think the supermajority vote requirement imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Good effect 32% 26% 48% 41% 39% Bad effect 28 32 14 22 25 No effect 25 26 25 23 23 Don’t know 15 16 13 14 13 How would Californians feel about replacing the two-thirds vote requirement for local special taxes with a 55 percent majority vote? One in three adults (34%) and likely voters (33%) favor reducing the supermajority vote, while six in 10 are opposed, which is similar to the results in 2003 at the 25th anniversary (adults 32% favor, 60% oppose; likely voters 30% favor, 67% oppose). Today, Democrats (41%) and independents (35%) are more likely than Republicans (24%) to favor a lowering of the supermajority threshold. Residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (41%) are more likely than those in Los Angeles (36%), the Central Valley (31%), and the Other Southern California region (30%) to favor this proposal. Latinos (37%) are somewhat more likely than whites (32%) to favor allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority. Favor Oppose Don’t know “Do you favor or oppose allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority vote instead of a two-thirds vote?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind 34% 41% 24% 35% 33% 59 51 70 61 61 7 864 6 May 2008 19 Californians and Their Government JUNE STATE PRIMARY—PROPOSITION 98 The June 3rd primary ballot includes Propositions 98 and 99—two citizens’ initiatives aimed at changing the government’s power of eminent domain. Proposition 98 would bar state and local governments from taking private property to transfer to another private party. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, and would make other changes to property rights and condemnation rules. When read the full ballot title and label for Proposition 98, 30 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 48 percent say they would vote no and 22 percent are unsure. Support for this measure among likely voters has dropped since March (37% yes, 41% no, 22% unsure). More Democrats (58%) and independents (48%) would vote no than yes, while more Republicans would vote yes than no (41% yes, 36% no). Across regions, likely voters are more likely to vote no than yes, and both homeowners and renters are also more likely to vote no than yes. “Proposition 98 is called ‘Eminent Domain Limits on Government Authority Initiative Constitutional Amendment.’ It bars state and local governments from taking or damaging private property for private uses. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, eliminates deference to government in property rights cases, and changes condemnation rules. Fiscal impact includes increased costs to many governments due to the measure’s restrictions. The net statewide fiscal effect, however, probably would not be significant. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 98?” Likely voters only Yes No Don’t know All Likely Voters 30% 48% 22% Democrat 20 58 22 Party Republican 41 36 23 Independent 32 48 20 Central Valley 36 44 20 Region San Francisco Bay Area Los Angeles 29 49 22 26 53 21 Other Southern California 32 46 22 Homeownership status Own Rent 32 45 23 27 56 17 When asked about their opinions of rent control, 54 percent of likely voters say it is a good thing and 38 percent say it is a bad thing. Attitudes towards rent control today are similar to March (53% good thing, 39% bad thing). Strong majorities of Democrats (66%) and half of independents (51%) say it is a good thing, while 53 percent of Republicans say it is a bad thing. Renters (63%) are more likely than homeowners (51%) to say rent control is a good thing, although majorities of both groups say that rent control is a good thing. Of those who would vote yes on Proposition 98, 44 percent call rent control a good thing, while 64 percent of those who would vote no call it a good thing. “Do you think rent control—that is, the ability of local governments to set limits on how much rents can be increased each year—is a good thing or a bad thing?” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Ind Homeownership Status Own Rent Good thing 54% 66% 39% 51% 51% 63% Bad thing 38 26 53 42 41 29 Don’t know 8 8 87 8 8 20 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context JUNE STATE PRIMARY—PROPOSITION 99 Proposition 99, the other eminent domain initiative on the June ballot, would block the government from taking a single family home (or condominium) and transferring the property to another private party. It would, however, allow the use of eminent domain for public uses and it would not prohibit rent control. When read the ballot title and label for Proposition 99, 44 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 36 percent say they would vote no, and 20 percent are unsure. Support for this measure among likely voters is lower today than in March (53% yes, 27% no, 20% unsure). Independents (53%) are far more likely than Democrats (45%) and Republicans (42%) to say they would vote yes. This measure has more support than opposition among likely voters across regions. Homeowners (45%) and renters (42%) express somewhat similar support for Proposition 99. “Proposition 99 is called ‘Eminent Domain Limits on Government Acquisition of Owner-Occupied Residence Initiative Constitutional Amendment.’ It bars the use of eminent domain to acquire an owner-occupied residence for conveyance to a private person or business entity. It creates exceptions for public works, public health and safety, and crime prevention. There would be no significant fiscal impact on state or local governments. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 99?” Likely voters only Yes No Don’t know All Likely Voters 44% 36% 20% Democrat 45 34 21 Party Republican 42 37 21 Independent 53 28 19 Central Valley 41 39 20 Region San Francisco Bay Area Los Angeles 43 32 25 46 34 20 Other Southern California 46 37 17 Homeownership status Own Rent 45 35 20 42 38 20 Seven in 10 likely voters say that the government’s power of eminent domain is in need of major changes (39%) or minor changes (32%). Findings today are similar to March (38% major, 33% minor, 15% fine the way it is). Large majorities across parties, regions, and demographic groups say at least minor changes are needed. Of those who would vote yes on Proposition 99, 39 percent say major changes are needed, while 49 percent of those who would vote yes on Proposition 98 say major changes are needed. “Do you think the government’s power of eminent domain—that is, the ability of government to take private property for government use—is in need of major changes, minor changes, or is it fine the way it is?” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Ind Homeownership Status Own Rent Major changes 39% 39% 40% 35% 41% 34% Minor changes 32 28 34 37 32 33 Fine the way it is 17 20 15 18 15 23 Don’t know 12 13 11 10 12 10 May 2008 21 Californians and Their Government PERCEPTIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES With the presidential primary elections winding down, we asked likely California voters about their opinions of the three major presidential candidates. Overall, a majority of likely voters have a favorable opinion of Barack Obama (59%), and half of likely voters say they have an unfavorable opinion of Hillary Clinton (51%) and John McCain (53%). Since March, likely voters’ opinions of Barack Obama (61% favorable, 34% unfavorable) and Hillary Clinton (45% favorable, 52% unfavorable) are largely unchanged, while favorable opinions of John McCain have declined somewhat (49% to 42%). Strong majorities of Democratic likely voters have a favorable opinion of the Democratic candidates (78% Obama, 69% Clinton), while a strong majority of Republican likely voters have a favorable opinion of McCain (70%). Among independent likely voters, Obama (60%) receives the highest favorability rating, while McCain (53%) receives unfavorable ratings and independent likely voters are divided in their opinion of Clinton (46% favorable, 50% unfavorable). Among Latinos, Clinton enjoys the highest favorability ratings among the candidates (72% Clinton, 68% Obama, 38% McCain). “Please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the following presidential candidates…” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Latinos Ind Favorable 59% 78% 34% 60% 68% …How about Barack Obama? Unfavorable 36 18 59 33 25 Don't know 54777 Favorable 46 69 17 46 72 …How about Hillary Clinton? Unfavorable 51 28 81 50 24 Don't know 33244 Favorable 42 22 70 41 38 …How about John McCain? Unfavorable 53 72 24 53 53 Don't know 56669 Californians continue to pay close attention to the 2008 presidential election well after the February 5th state primary. Nearly half of likely voters say they are very closely following news about candidates for the presidential election, and another 43 percent say they are fairly closely following news. Attention to news about candidates is high across all political groups. Attention to news has been high since our January survey, prior to the February 5th presidential primary (44% very, 44% fairly closely in January; 50% very, 42% fairly in March; 47% very, 43% fairly today). “How closely are you following news about candidates for the 2008 presidential election?” Likely voters only Party All Likely Voters Latinos Dem Rep Ind Very closely 47% 49% 46% 43% 38% Fairly closely 43 43 43 49 50 Not too closely 7 697 8 Not at all closely 2 211 3 Don’t know 1 -1- 1 22 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context 2008 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Nearly four months after the California primary and with just a few state primaries remaining, how are California voters viewing the potential matchups between McCain and either Clinton or Obama? If the general election were held today, likely voters in California would favor Obama over McCain by 17 points (54% to 37%). Since March (49% to 40%), Obama’s lead over McCain has increased 8 points. Obama has strong support among Democrats (81%) and majority support among independents (55%), while McCain enjoys strong support among Republicans (73%). Obama leads McCain among both men and women. Half of whites and 69 percent of Latinos say they would vote for Obama over McCain. Obama leads McCain by a double-digit margin among likely voters with annual household incomes less than $40,000 (55% to 35%), $40,000 to $80,000 (55% to 36%), and $80,000 or more (53% to 37%). Likely voters only All Likely Voters Party Gender Race/Ethnicity “If the November 4th presidential election were being held today and these were the candidates, who would you vote for?” Barack Obama, John McCain, the Democrat the Republican Someone else (volunteered) 54% 37% 2% Democrat 81 10 2 Republican 19 73 2 Independent 55 35 2 Men 52 39 2 Women 57 35 2 Latinos 69 20 3 Whites 49 43 1 Don’t know 7% 7 6 8 7 6 8 7 If the general election were held today, likely voters in California would favor Clinton over McCain by 12 points (51% to 39%). Since March (46% to 43%), Clinton’s lead over McCain has increased 9 points. Clinton enjoys solid support among Democrats (80%), and majority support among independents (54%), while McCain has solid support among Republicans (79%). Clinton outpolls McCain among women (56% to 34%), while men are divided (46% Clinton 43%, McCain). Latinos overwhelmingly favor Clinton over McCain (74% to 16%), while whites are divided (46% Clinton, 45% McCain). Clinton leads by a wider margin among voters with less than $40,000 annual household income (58% to 35%) than among households with $80,000 or more (49% to 40%). Likely voters only All Likely Voters Party Gender Race/Ethnicity “If the November 4th presidential election were being held today and these were the candidates, who would you vote for?” Hillary Clinton, the Democrat John McCain, the Republican Someone else (volunteered) 51% 39% 3% Democrat 80 9 4 Republican 12 79 2 Independent 54 32 3 Men 46 43 4 Women 56 34 3 Latinos 74 16 2 Whites 46 45 3 Don’t know 7% 7 7 11 7 7 8 6 May 2008 23 REGIONAL MAP 24 METHODOLOGY The PPIC Statewide Survey is directed by Mark Baldassare, president and CEO and survey director at the Public Policy Institute of California, with assistance in research and writing from Jennifer Paluch, project manager for this survey, and survey research associates Dean Bonner and Sonja Petek. This survey was conducted with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. We benefited from discussions about the current issues with PPIC staff, foundation staff and grantees, and other policy experts. The methods, questions, and content of this report were solely determined by Mark Baldassare and the survey staff. The findings in this report are based on a telephone survey of 2,003 California adult residents interviewed from May 12 to 18, 2008 (beginning on May 14, after the release of the governor’s revised budget, 1,503 adults also answered six questions on this topic). Interviewing took place on weekday nights and weekend days, using a computer-generated random sample of telephone numbers that ensured that both listed and unlisted numbers were called. All landline telephone exchanges in California were eligible. Telephone numbers in the survey sample were called up to six times to increase the likelihood of reaching eligible households. Once a household was reached, an adult respondent (age 18 or older) was randomly chosen for interviewing using the “last birthday method” to avoid biases in age and gender. Each interview took an average of 18 minutes to complete. Interviewing was conducted in English or Spanish. Accent on Languages translated the survey into Spanish with assistance from Renatta DeFever. Abt SRBI Inc. conducted the telephone interviewing. We used recent U.S. Census and state data to compare the demographic characteristics of the survey sample with characteristics of California’s adult population. The survey sample was closely comparable to the census and state figures. The survey data in this report were statistically weighted to account for any demographic differences. The sampling error for the total sample of 2,003 adults is +/- 2 percent at the 95 percent confidence level. This means that 95 times out of 100, the results will be within 2 percentage points of what they would be if all adults in California were interviewed. The sampling error for subgroups is larger: For the six questions asked of 1,503 adults interviewed after the May 14 release of the governor’s revised budget, it is +/-2.5 percent; for the 1,448 registered voters, it is +/- 2.5 percent; for the 1,086 likely voters, it is +/- 3 percent. Sampling error is only one type of error to which surveys are subject. Results may also be affected by factors such as question wording, question order, and survey timing. We present results for four geographic regions, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the state population. “Central Valley” includes Butte, Colusa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Placer, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Shasta, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tulare, Yolo, and Yuba counties. “San Francisco Bay Area” includes Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma counties. “Los Angeles” refers to Los Angeles County, and “Other Southern California” includes Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. Residents from other geographic areas are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters. However, sample sizes for these less populated areas are not large enough to report separately. We present specific results for Latinos because they account for about 30 percent of the state’s adult population and constitute one of the fastest growing voter groups. Sample sizes for African Americans and Asian Americans are not large enough for separate analysis. We compare the opinions of registered Democrats, Republicans, and independents (those who are registered as “decline to state”). We also include the responses of “likely voters”— those who are most likely to vote in the state’s elections based on past voting, current interest, and voting intentions. We compare current PPIC Statewide Survey results to those in our earlier PPIC Statewide Surveys. 25 QUESTIONNAIRE AND RESULTS CALIFORNIANS AND THEIR GOVERNMENT May 12-18, 2008 2,003 California Adult Residents: English, Spanish MARGIN OF ERROR +/-2% AT 95% CONFIDENCE LEVEL FOR TOTAL SAMPLE 1. First, thinking about the state as a whole, what do you think is the most important issue facing people in California today? [code, don’t read] 36% jobs, economy 15 gasoline prices 8 education, schools 7 immigration, illegal immigration 6 state budget, deficit, taxes 3 crime, gangs, drugs 3 environment, pollution 3 health care, health costs 3 housing costs, housing availability, subprime housing crisis 14 other 2 don’t know 2. Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction? 24% right direction 65 wrong direction 11 don’t know 3. Turning to economic conditions in California, do you think that during the next 12 months we will have good times financially or bad times? 17% good times 73 bad times 10 don’t know 4. Next, some people are registered to vote and others are not. Are you absolutely certain that you are registered to vote in California? 73% yes [ask q4a] 27 no [skip to q5b] 4a. Are you registered as a Democrat, a Republican, another party, or as an independent? 42% Democrat [ask q5] 33 Republican [skip to q5a] 4 another party (specify) [skip to q6] 21 independent [skip to q5b] 5. Would you call yourself a strong Democrat or not a very strong Democrat? 62% strong 36 not very strong 2 don’t know [skip to q6] 5a. Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican? 51% strong 43 not very strong 6 don’t know [skip to q6] 27 Californians and Their Government 5b. Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or Democratic Party? 21% Republican Party 45 Democratic Party 26 neither (volunteered) 8 don’t know [delayed skip: if q4=no, skip to q16] [responses recorded for questions 6 to 15 are for likely voters only] [rotate questions 6 and 7] 6. If the November 4th presidential election were being held today, and these were the candidates, who would you vote for? [rotate names] 51% Hillary Clinton, the Democrat 39 John McCain, the Republican 3 someone else (specify) 7 don’t know 7. If the November 4th presidential election were being held today, and these were the candidates, who would you vote for? [rotate names] 54% Barack Obama, the Democrat 37 John McCain, the Republican 2 someone else (specify) 7 don’t know Next, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the following presidential candidates. [rotate questions 8 to 10] 8. How about Hillary Clinton? 46% favorable 51 unfavorable 3 don’t know/never heard of her (volunteered) 9. How about Barack Obama? 59% favorable 36 unfavorable 5 don’t know/never heard of them (volunteered) 10. How about John McCain? 42% favorable 53 unfavorable 5 don’t know/never heard of them (volunteered) 11.How closely are you following news about candidates for the 2008 presidential election? 47% very closely 43 fairly closely 7 not too closely 2 not at all closely 1 don’t know Next, the June 3rd statewide primary election includes two statewide ballot initiatives. [rotate questions 12 and 13] 12.Proposition 98 is called “Eminent Domain Limits on Government Authority Initiative Constitutional Amendment.” It bars state and local governments from taking or damaging private property for private uses. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, eliminates deference to government in property rights cases, and changes condemnation rules. Fiscal impact includes increased costs to many governments due to the measure’s restrictions. The net statewide fiscal effect, however, probably would not be significant. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 98? 30% yes 48 no 22 don’t know 28 PPIC Statewide Survey 13.Proposition 99 is called “Eminent Domain Limits on Government Acquisition of OwnerOccupied Residence Initiative Constitutional Amendment.” It bars the use of eminent domain to acquire an owner-occupied residence for conveyance to a private person or business entity. It creates exceptions for public works, public health and safety, and crime prevention. There would be no significant fiscal impact on state or local governments. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 99? 44% yes 36 no 20 don’t know [rotate questions 14 and 15] 14.Do you think rent control—that is, the ability of local governments to set limits on how much rents can be increased each year—is a good thing or a bad thing? 54% good thing 38 bad thing 8 don’t know 15.Do you think the government’s power of eminent domain—that is, the ability of government to take private property for government use—is in need of major changes, minor changes, or is it fine the way it is? 39% major changes 32 minor changes 17 fine the way it is 12 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 16.On another topic, overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Arnold Schwarzenegger is handling his job as governor of California? 41% approve 51 disapprove 8 don’t know 17.Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Governor Schwarzenegger is handling the issue of the state budget and taxes? 32% approve 58 disapprove 10 don’t know 18.Next, overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling its job? 26% approve 57 disapprove 17 don’t know 19.Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling the issue of the state budget and taxes? 19% approve 67 disapprove 14 don’t know 20.On another topic, do you think the state budget situation in California—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues—is a big problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem for the people of California today? 67% big problem 27 somewhat of a problem 4 not a problem 2 don’t know May 2008 29 Californians and Their Government 21.As you may know, the state government has an annual budget of around $100 billion dollars and currently faces a multibillion dollar gap between spending and revenues. How would you prefer to deal with the state's budget gap—mostly through spending cuts, mostly through tax increases, through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, or do you think that it is okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit? 33% mostly through spending cuts 8 mostly through tax increases 43 through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases 6 okay to borrow money and run a budget deficit 3 other (specify) 7 don’t know 22.And, in general, which of the following statements do you agree with more—I’d rather pay higher taxes and have a state government that provides more services, or I’d rather pay lower taxes and have a state government that provides fewer services? 49% higher taxes and more services 43 lower taxes and fewer services 8 don’t know 23.When it comes to the tough choices involved in the state budget, both in deciding how much Californians should pay in taxes and how to fund state programs, whose approach do you most prefer—[rotate] [1] Governor Schwarzenegger’s, [2] the Democrats’ in the legislature, [or] [3] the Republicans’ in the legislature? 37% Democrats’ in the legislature 20 Republicans’ in the legislature 17 Governor Schwarzenegger’s 1 other (specify) 7 none (volunteered) 18 don’t know 30 PPIC Statewide Survey [questions 24 to 28a asked beginning May 14 after the release of the governor’s revised budget] 24.Governor Schwarzenegger proposed a budget plan for the general fund in the next fiscal year that attempts to close the budget gap by borrowing against future state lottery income, maintaining K-12 education funding but not providing cost of living increases, and reducing spending for health and human services. The plan includes no new taxes unless voters reject the lottery plan. In general, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan? 35% satisfied 56 dissatisfied 2 haven’t heard anything about the budget (volunteered) 7 don’t know 25.Overall, how concerned are you about the effects of the spending reductions in health and human services in the governor's budget plan? 42% very concerned 36 somewhat concerned 13 not too concerned 7 not at all concerned 2 don’t know 26.Do you think that tax increases should be included in the governor’s budget plan? 48% yes 46 no 6 don’t know 27.Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to borrow about $15 billion against future state lottery income over the next three years? 33% favor 58 oppose 9 don’t know 28.Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to temporarily increase the state sales tax by one cent if California voters reject borrowing money against state lottery income? 54% favor 41 oppose 5 don’t know 28a.The governor proposed a constitutional amendment that would limit the amount of money that state spending could increase each year, would require the state to place money into reserve in years of budget surplus, and would give the state the authority to make budget adjustments throughout the year. Do you think this constitutional amendment is a good idea or a bad idea? 59% good idea 29 bad idea 12 don’t know 29.Some of the largest areas for state spending are: [rotate] [1] K-12 public education, [2] higher education, [3] health and human services, [and] [4] prisons and corrections. Thinking about these four areas of state spending, I’d like you to name the one you most want to protect from spending cuts. 61% K-12 public education 17 health and human services 12 higher education 7 prisons and corrections 3 don’t know 30.Overall, do you think the state budget process in California, in terms of both revenues and spending, is in need of major changes, minor changes, or do you think it is fine the way it is? 65% major changes 24 minor changes 7 fine the way it is 4 don’t know Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal. [rotate questions 31 to 34] 31.How about raising the state taxes paid by California corporations? 63% favor 32 oppose 5 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 32.How about raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians? 69% favor 28 oppose 3 don’t know 33.How about raising the state portion of the sales tax? 35% favor 61 oppose 4 don’t know 34.How about increasing the annual vehicle license fee that was reduced a few years ago? 37% favor 61 oppose 2 don’t know Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea. [rotate questions 35 to 38] 35.How about replacing the two-thirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the state legislature to pass a budget? 42% good idea 48 bad idea 10 don’t know 36.How about strictly limiting the amount of money that state spending could increase each year? 66% good idea 28 bad idea 6 don’t know 37.How about extending the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed, such as legal and accounting services, auto repairs, and haircuts? 37% good idea 59 bad idea 4 don’t know May 2008 31 Californians and Their Government 38.How about leasing the California State Lottery to a private company? 26% good idea 59 bad idea 15 don’t know [rotate questions 39 and 40] 39.I’m going to name some of the largest areas for state spending. Please tell me the one that represents the most spending in the state budget. [read rotated list] 37% youth and adult corrections 27 health and human services 20 K-12 public education 7 higher education 9 don’t know 40.I’m going to name some of the largest areas for state revenues. Please tell me the one that represents the most revenue in the state budget. [read rotated list] 32% personal income tax 28 sales tax 23 corporate tax 8 motor vehicle fees 9 don’t know Changing topics, this year marks the 30th anniversary of Proposition 13, the 1978 ballot measure that limits the property tax rate to 1 percent of assessed value at time of purchase and annual tax increases to no more than 2 percent until the property is sold. 41.Overall, do you feel passing Proposition 13 turned out to be mostly a good thing for California or mostly a bad thing? 59% mostly a good thing 27 mostly a bad thing 2 mixed (volunteered) 12 don’t know 42.And, overall, do you think the property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California? 27% good effect 28 bad effect 29 no effect 16 don’t know 43.As a result of Proposition 13 and increases in home prices in California, a homeowner who recently purchased a home will pay much higher property taxes than a homeowner who purchased a similar home several years ago in the same neighborhood. Do you favor or oppose this feature of Proposition 13? 41% favor 51 oppose 7 don’t know 44.Under Proposition 13, a two-thirds vote at the ballot box is required to pass any new local special taxes. Overall, do you think the supermajority vote requirement imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California? 32% good effect 28 bad effect 25 no effect 15 don’t know 45.Do you favor or oppose allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority vote instead of a two-thirds vote? 34% favor 59 oppose 7 don’t know 32 PPIC Statewide Survey 46.Next, would you consider yourself to be politically: [read list, rotate order top to bottom] 10% very liberal 20 somewhat liberal 31 middle-of-the-road 22 somewhat conservative 13 very conservative 4 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 47.Generally speaking, how much interest would you say you have in politics? 25% great deal 40 fair amount 28 only a little 7 none [d1-d13: demographic questions] May 2008 33 PPIC STATEWIDE SURVEY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Ruben Barrales President and Chief Executive Officer San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce Angela Blackwell Founder and Chief Executive Officer PolicyLink Paul Brest President The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Mollyann Brodie Vice President Kaiser Family Foundation Bruce E. Cain Executive Director Institute of Governmental Studies University of California, Washington Center James E. Canales President The James Irvine Foundation Jon Cohen Director of Polling The Washington Post Matthew K. Fong Special Counsel Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, LLP Russell Hancock President and Chief Executive Officer Joint Venture Silicon Valley Network William Hauck President California Business Roundtable Sherry Bebitch Jeffe Senior Scholar School of Policy, Planning, and Development University of Southern California Carol S. Larson President and Chief Executive Officer The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Monica Lozano Publisher and Chief Executive Officer La Opinión Donna Lucas Chief Executive Officer Lucas Public Affairs Dan Rosenheim News Director KPIX-TV Robert K. Ross, M.D. President and Chief Executive Officer The California Endowment Cathy Taylor Vice President and Editorial Commentary Director Orange County Register Raymond L. Watson Vice Chairman of the Board Emeritus The Irvine Company Carol Whiteside President Emeritus Great Valley Center The PPIC Statewide Survey Advisory Committee is a diverse group of experts who provide advice on survey issues. However, survey methods, questions, content, and timing are determined solely by PPIC. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Thomas C. Sutton, Chair Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Pacific Life Insurance Company Mark Baldassare President and Chief Executive Officer Public Policy Institute of California Ruben Barrales President and Chief Executive Officer San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce Linda Griego President and Chief Executive Officer Griego Enterprises, Inc. Edward K. Hamilton Chairman Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. Gary K. Hart Former State Senator and Secretary of Education State of California Walter B. Hewlett Director Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities Donna Lucas Chief Executive Officer Lucas Public Affairs Leon E. Panetta Director The Leon & Sylvia Panetta Institute for Public Policy Ki Suh Park Design and Managing Partner Gruen Associates Constance L. Rice Co-Director The Advancement Project Raymond L. Watson Vice Chairman of the Board Emeritus The Irvine Company Carol Whiteside President Emeritus Great Valley Center Copyright © 2008 Public Policy Institute of California All rights reserved San Francisco, CA Short sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, may be quoted without written permission provided that full attribution is given to the source and the above copyright notice is included. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA 500 Washington Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, California 94111 phone: 415.291.4400 fax: 415.291.4401 PPIC Sacramento Center Senator Office Building 1121 L Street, Suite 801 Sacramento, California 95814 phone: 916.440.1120 fax: 916.440.1121 www.ppic.org survey@ppic.org"
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string(89613) "MaY 2008 The Public Policy Institute of California is dedicated to informing and improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research on major economic, social, and political issues. The institute’s goal is to raise public awareness and to give elected representatives and other decisionmakers a more informed basis for developing policies and programs. The institute’s research focuses on the underlying forces shaping California’s future, cutting across a wide range of public policy concerns, including economic development, education, environment and resources, governance, population, public finance, and social and health policy. PPIC is a private, nonprofit organization. It does not take or support positions on any ballot measures or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office. PPIC was established in 1994 with an endowment from William R. Hewlett. Mark Baldassare is President and Chief Executive Officer of PPIC. Thomas C. Sutton is Chair of the Board of Directors. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA 500 Washington Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, California 94111 phone: 415.291.4400 fax: 415.291.4401 PPIC Sacramento Center Senator Office Building 1121 L Street, Suite 801 Sacramento, California 95814 phone: 916.440.1120 fax: 916.440.1121 www.ppic.org survey@ppic.org TABLE OF CONTENTS About the Survey Press Release State Budget State Context Regional Map Methodology Questionnaire and Results 1 3 7 15 24 25 27 ABOUT THE SURVEY The PPIC Statewide Survey provides policymakers, the media, and the general public with objective, advocacy-free information on the perceptions, opinions, and public policy preferences of California residents. Inaugurated in April 1998, this is the 86th PPIC Statewide Survey in a series that has generated a database that includes the responses of more than 182,000 Californians. This survey is the 29th in the Californians and Their Government series, which is conducted periodically to examine the social, economic, and political trends that influence public policy preferences and ballot choices. It is supported with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. The current survey seeks to raise public awareness, inform decisionmakers, and stimulate public discussion on the current state budget and other important state issues. In the context of a multi-billion dollar gap between state spending and state revenues, as well as the recent release of the governor’s revised FY09 budget plan, this survey examines Californians’ fiscal perceptions, satisfaction with the governor’s budget plan, priorities for state spending, attitudes toward spending and revenue proposals, and preferences on fiscal reforms. We examine perceptions and attitudes toward Proposition 13 at the 30th anniversary of the passage of this property tax limits initiative. We also look at Californians’ attitudes and preferences in the 2008 presidential election and their support for two eminent domain initiatives, Propositions 98 and 99, on the June ballot. In addition, we analyze their opinions on the current overall direction of the state and its economy and their perceptions of the state’s elected officials. This report presents the responses of 2,003 California adult residents on these specific topics: State fiscal issues, including perceptions of the seriousness of the state’s budget situation, preferred methods for dealing with the state’s multi-billion dollar budget gap, attitudes toward the governor’s budget plan, and concern about spending cuts to health and human services. We also ask about priorities for spending on major categories of the state budget, fiscal policy preferences, and perceptions of potential reforms regarding state spending and revenues. State context, including approval ratings for Governor Schwarzenegger and the state legislature, perceptions of the most important issues facing California today, opinions about the general direction of the state and outlook for the state’s economy, general attitudes toward the Proposition 13 property tax limits initiative, as well as its specific implications for local services and its two-thirds voting requirement, support for Propositions 98 and 99 on the June ballot, the perceived need for change in eminent domain laws, and perceptions of rent control. We also examine presidential candidate favorability ratings and voter preferences in the 2008 presidential election. The extent to which Californians—based on their political party affiliation, region of residence, race/ethnicity, and other demographics—may differ with regard to perceptions, attitudes, and preferences involving state and national issues. Copies of this report may be ordered online (www.ppic.org) or by phone (415-291-4400). For questions about the survey, please contact survey@ppic.org. View our searchable PPIC Statewide Survey database online at http://www.ppic.org/main/survAdvancedSearch.asp. 1 PRESS RELEASE Para ver este comunicado de prensa en español, por favor visite nuestra página de internet: http://www.ppic.org/main/pressreleaseindex.asp PPIC STATEWIDE SURVEY: CALIFORNIANS AND THEIR GOVERNMENT Californians Call Governor’s Lottery Proposal a Bad Bet BUT THEY BACK HIS PLAN FOR TEMPORARY SALES TAX HIKE IF LOTTERY MEASURE LOSES SAN FRANCISCO, California, May 21, 2008 — Most Californians dislike Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger’s latest budget plan and oppose his proposal to borrow from the state lottery. But they are willing to accept a temporary increase in the sales tax if the governor’s lottery proposal fails, according to a statewide survey released today by the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. The survey finds Californians in a gloomy mood about the state’s fiscal prospects and their own. Vast majorities say the current budget situation is a big problem, the governor can’t be trusted to make the tough choices needed, and the state is headed in the wrong direction. But as a polarized legislature heads into a summer of difficult budget negotiations, the survey reveals the same deep partisan divisions among residents over how to deal with a multibillion-dollar budget gap. “Californians are divided about whether they’d rather pay higher taxes and get more services or pay lower taxes and get less in the way of services,” says PPIC president and CEO Mark Baldassare. “Even independents are divided. “But overall, Californians don’t like what they’ve heard so far from their leaders. They haven’t heard a compelling argument about why they should agree to a permanent tax increase, particularly in this economy. They’re reluctant to make an investment themselves when they feel that the legislature and governor haven’t been good money managers.” SATISFACTION WITH SCHWARZENEGGER BUDGET PLAN HITS NEW LOW In his revised 2008-2009 budget, announced on May 14, the governor scaled back his proposal to make deep cuts in K-12 public education and dropped plans to close many state parks and release nonviolent prisoners early. His new plan would maintain K-12 funding but exclude any cost-of-living increases. It calls for deep cuts in health and human services to seniors, the poor, the disabled, and recent immigrants. To raise revenue, the governor proposes borrowing about $15 billion against future proceeds from the state lottery. The lottery plan involves adding new games and promotions to boost sales, which would require voter approval in November. If it fails, a temporary one-cent sales tax increase would go into effect. When they are read a brief summary of the governor’s revised plan, just 35 percent of residents and likely voters say they are satisfied with it, the lowest level of satisfaction since Schwarzenegger took office in 2003. Majorities of residents (56%) and likely voters (57%) are dissatisfied. 3 Californians and Their Government Solid majorities of residents (58%) and likely voters (62%) oppose the governor’s plan to borrow money from future lottery earnings, and they do so across party lines (62% Democrats, 60% independents, 53% Republicans). Majorities of residents (54%) and likely voters (57%) favor a temporary increase in the sales tax if the lottery plan fails. A majority of Democrats (62%) and independents (56%) back the plan, with about half of Republicans (51%) favoring it. The potential temporary sales tax increase is the only tax increase included in the governor’s revised budget. Asked whether they believe tax increases should be part of his plan, residents are split (48% yes, 46% no), although the percentage favoring tax increases has risen sharply since December (30%). Residents are deeply split along party lines on the question, with 62 percent of Democrats saying tax increases should be in the governor’s budget while 62 percent of Republicans oppose. CONCERN OVER HEALTH CUTS, BUT DESIRE TO SPARE SCHOOLS IS STRONGER Nearly eight in 10 residents are very concerned (42%) or somewhat concerned (36%) about the impact of proposed spending cuts on health and human services. Levels of concern vary widely across party lines and among demographic groups. A majority of Democrats (55%) are very concerned compared to about one in five Republicans (22%) and one in three independents (34%). Latinos (53%) are far more likely than whites (36%) to be very concerned, and women more likely (46%) than men (37%). When asked which area of the budget they most wanted to see spared from cuts, six in 10 residents (61%) choose K-12 public education – the top choice in previous surveys, as well – with health and human services (17%) a distant second, followed by higher education (12%), and prisons and corrections (7%). CALIFORNIANS UNITED IN PERCEIVING A PROBLEM Two in three Californians consider the current budget situation a big problem (67%) and believe that major changes are needed in the state’s budget process (65%). As residents’ perception of the problem has grown, their faith in the governor to make tough budget choices has declined from 24 percent in January to 17 percent today. Californians put more trust in legislators to make these choices, with 37 percent preferring the Democrats’ approach and 20 percent preferring the Republicans’ approach. But it’s clear that Californians’ trust is in the legislators of their own parties, rather than in the legislature as a whole. A strong majority of Democrats (63%) want Democratic lawmakers to handle the budget, while nearly half of Republicans (46%) prefer GOP lawmakers’ approach, and one in four (25%) favor the governor’s approach. BUT THEY’RE DIVIDED OVER HOW TO SOLVE IT A plurality of residents (43%) say the budget gap should be closed through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, while a third (33%) would close it mostly through cuts. Fewer than one in 10 residents (8%) prefer tax increases alone. Opinion is divided along party lines, with half of Republicans (51%) favoring spending cuts and a majority of Democrats (54%) favoring a mix of cuts and taxes. Among independents, more favor a combined approach (44%) over spending cuts alone (36%). TAX HIKES BACKED, BUT ONLY FOR CORPORATIONS, THE RICH While strong majorities favor raising state taxes paid by California corporations (63%) or state income taxes paid by the wealthiest Californians (69%), there is considerably less willingness to increase taxes on all residents. Only 35 percent favor a permanent increase in the state portion of the sales tax. The results are similar on the question of whether to increase the annual vehicle license fee, which the governor reduced after he took office. Today, only 37 percent of Californians favor increasing the fee. 4 PPIC Statewide Survey Press Release BUDGET REFORMS A HARD SELL WITH ONE EXCEPTION While Californians believe that the budget process needs fixing, they are less enthusiastic about some specific structural reforms proposed in recent years. Currently, a two-thirds vote of the legislature is required to pass a budget, and only four in 10 residents (42%) favor lowering the threshold to a 55percent majority vote. A proposal to extend the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed – such as accounting services, haircuts and auto repairs – fares even less well, with just 37 percent saying this is a good idea. Californians confirm their distaste for changing the state lottery when asked if it should be leased to a private company as a way to make more money, as some state leaders have suggested. Just one in four (26%) say this is a good idea. But two in three residents (66%) say it is a good idea to limit increases in state spending each year. A constitutional amendment proposed by the governor that would limit state spending increases, as well as establish a reserve fund and allow for midyear spending cuts, gets strong support, with 59 percent of residents and 61 percent of likely voters in favor. BLEAK VIEW OF ECONOMY, STATE’S DIRECTION With just one in four (24%) saying the state is heading in the right direction and 65 percent saying it’s heading in the wrong direction, Californians’ views of the state of the state have hit lows not seen since months leading up to the 2003 governor’s recall election (22% in August 2003, 24% in September 2003). Residents in Los Angeles (69%), the Central Valley (69%), and the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely to say things are going in the wrong direction than those in the San Francisco Bay Area (58%). As they have since the beginning of the year, Californians place jobs and the economy (36%) at the top of their list of worries, followed in this month’s survey by gasoline prices (15%), education (8%), immigration (7%), and the state budget (6%). MORE KEY FINDINGS Double-digit drop in approval ratings for governor, legislature — Page 17 The governor’s overall approval rating (41%) has seen a double-digit decline, sliding 16 points since December and 12 points from a year ago. After his budget revision, his approval rating on handling the budget (32%) has dipped to its lowest level since 2004. The legislature lags even further behind, with its overall approval rating (26%) dropping 15 points since December and 11 points from a year ago. Thirty years later, support strong for Proposition 13 — Pages 18, 19 As the 30th anniversary of the passage of Proposition 13 approaches next month, a solid majority (59%) of residents feel positive about the measure that limits property tax rates to 1 percent of assessed value at the time of purchase, restricts property tax increases to 2 percent a year, and requires a two-thirds majority vote to pass local special taxes. Californians are more divided in their views of the measure’s effect on local government services (27% good effect, 28% bad effect, 29% no effect) and the fairness of the provision that requires homeowners who recently purchased a home to pay higher property taxes than longtime owners (41% favor this provision, 51% are opposed). June eminent domain measures trailing — Page 20 Propositions 98 and 99 are aimed at changing the government’s power to take private property. While seven in 10 likely voters say the government’s power of eminent domain needs major changes (39%) or minor ones (32%), support for these two propositions is falling short of approval. May 2008 5 Californians and Their Government Proposition 98, which would bar state and local governments from seizing private property to give it to another private party, would also ban rent control. When they are read the ballot measure, 30 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 48 percent would vote no, and 22 percent are not sure. This is a drop in support for the measure since March (37% yes, 41% no, 22% unsure). When asked their views about rent control, 54 percent of likely voters say it is a good thing and 38 percent say it is a bad thing. Attitudes toward rent control are favorable among both homeowners (51%) and renters (63%). A majority of Democrats (66%) and half of independents (51%) favor rent control, while a majority of Republicans (53%) say it is a bad thing. Proposition 99, which would block the government from taking a single family home or condominium to transfer to another private party, would allow eminent domain for public uses and would not ban rent control. Among likely voters, 44 percent say they would vote yes, 36 percent say no, and 20 percent are unsure. Presidential preview: See how they run — Page 22 As the presidential primary season winds down, Barack Obama has the highest favorability rating of the candidates (59% among likely voters). Hillary Clinton has an unfavorable rating (51% vs. 46% favorable) in the state where she won the primary nearly four months ago. While Obama’s and Clinton’s ratings have remained about the same since March, John McCain’s ratings have declined somewhat (49% favorable in March vs. 42% favorable, 53% unfavorable today). Among independent voters, Obama has the highest favorability rating (60%). Independent voters are divided in their ratings of Clinton (46% favorable, 50% unfavorable), and give McCain an unfavorable rating (53% vs. 41% favorable). Latinos give Clinton the highest favorability ratings among the candidates (72% Clinton, 68% Obama, 38% McCain). If the general election were held today, likely voters would favor Obama over McCain by 17 points (54% to 37%), an improvement for Obama since March (49% to 40%). Likely voters favor Clinton over McCain by 12 points (51% to 39%), an improvement for her also since March (46% to 43%). Californians fail budget math quiz — Page 12 When asked which area gets the biggest share of state spending, only 20 percent of residents correctly identified K-12 education. Asked where the biggest chunk of revenue comes from, only 32 percent give the correct answer: personal income tax. ABOUT THE SURVEY This survey is the 29th in the Californians and Their Government series, conducted periodically to examine the social, economic, and political trends that influence public policy preferences and ballot choices. It is supported with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. Findings are based on a telephone survey of 2,003 California adult residents interviewed from May 12 to 18, 2008. Beginning on May 14, when the governor released his revised budget, 1,503 adults also answered six questions on this topic. Interviews were conducted in English or Spanish. The sampling error for the total sample is +/- 2%. For the six questions asked of the 1,503 adults beginning May 14, it is +/-2.5%, and for the 1,086 likely voters, it is +/- 3%. For more information on methodology, see page 25. Mark Baldassare is president and CEO of PPIC, where he holds the Arjay and Frances Fearing Miller Chair in Public Policy. He is founder of the PPIC Statewide Survey, which he has directed since 1998. This is the 86th PPIC Statewide Survey in a series that has generated a database that includes the responses of more than 182,000 Californians. PPIC is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to informing and improving public policy in California through independent, objective, nonpartisan research on major economic, social, and political issues. The institute was established in 1994 with an endowment from William R. Hewlett. PPIC does not take or support positions on any ballot measure or on any local, state, or federal legislation, nor does it endorse, support, or oppose any political parties or candidates for public office. 6 PPIC Statewide Survey STATE BUDGET KEY FINDINGS About two in three Californians describe the current budget situation as a big problem and believe that major changes are needed in the state’s budget process. (page 8) Voters are divided along party lines over how to deal with the state’s budget gap and whether they favor the fiscal approach of Democratic or Republican legislators. (page 9) Most Californians are dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan, express concern about spending reductions in health and human services, and oppose the proposal to borrow from the lottery. But they would be willing to temporarily raise the sales tax by one cent if the lottery proposal fails, and they strongly favor the governor’s idea for spending limits. (pages 10, 11) Californians want to protect K-12 education from spending cuts more than other major state program areas. They are deeply divided along party lines in their preferences for the size of state government. (page 12) In terms of general reform, voters are in favor of raising taxes on corporations and the wealthy, but they oppose raising either the state sales tax or vehicle license fees. They favor spending limits, but oppose both a lowering of the two-thirds budget vote threshold and extending the sales tax to services. Few favor leasing the lottery to reduce the budget gap. (pages 13, 14) Budget Situation in California 100 Percent calling it a "big problem" 80 70 73 70 71 61 58 60 64 67 45 44 40 Percent all adults 20 0 ay 08 M 08 07 07 06 05 05 06 04 04 May Jan ay Jan May Jan M ay Jan Jan M Satisfaction with the Governor's Budget Plan 100 Percent saying they are "satisfied" Percent all adults 80 57 60 50 68 60 57 62 44 38 40 38 35 20 0 ay 08 M 08 07 07 06 04 04 05 05 06 May Jan ay Jan May Jan May Jan M Jan Governor's Budget Plans Borrowing About $15 Billion Against Lottery Over 3 Years Increasing State Sales Tax by One Cent if Voters Reject Lottery Plan 8 62 Likely voters 3 30 40 57 Favor Oppose Don't know 7 Californians and Their Government STATE BUDGET SITUATION The state of California currently faces a projected multi-billion dollar budget deficit for the 2008-09 fiscal year. How do residents perceive the current state budget situation—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues? Vast majorities of all adults (67%), likely voters (76%), and voters across political parties (75% Republicans, 72% Democrats, 70% independents) perceive the budget situation in California as a big problem. About two in three residents have called the budget situation a big problem since January (64% January, 68% March, 67% today). Today, few residents say the budget situation in California is not a problem. Majorities across all demographic groups call the state budget situation a big problem, but some groups are more likely to hold this view than others. About seven in 10 residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (70%), Central Valley (69%), and Other Southern California region (69%) call it a big problem, as compared to 59 percent of Los Angeles residents. Across racial/ethnic groups, whites are much more likely than Latinos (73% to 55%) to perceive the budget situation as a serious problem, and the percentage expressing this view increases with age, education, and income levels. “Do you think the state budget situation in California—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues—is a big problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem for the people of California today?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Big problem 67% 72% 75% 70% Somewhat of a problem 27 24 22 25 Not a problem 4 124 Don’t know 2 311 Likely Voters 76% 22 1 1 On top of these negative perceptions of the current budget picture, a substantial majority of residents believe the state budget process—in terms of both revenues and spending—is in need of major changes (65%). Likely voters are somewhat more likely than residents to say major change is needed (70%). Findings among all residents and likely voters are identical to March. Majorities across the state’s political and demographic groups think the budget process is in need of major changes; however, Central Valley (70%) residents are somewhat more likely than residents in other regions to say major changes are needed. The belief that major changes are needed increases with age and income levels. Of the 67 percent who believe the budget situation is a big problem, 76 percent also believe the process is in need of major changes. “Overall, do you think the state budget process in California, in terms of both revenues and spending, is in need of major changes, minor changes, or do you think it is fine the way it is?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Major changes 65% 66% 69% 64% 70% Minor changes 24 26 25 26 24 Fine the way it is 7 529 3 Don’t know 4 341 3 8 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget DEALING WITH THE BUDGET GAP A plurality of residents (43%) prefer to deal with the state’s budget gap through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, while 33 percent prefer using spending cuts. Just 8 percent prefer using tax increases to close the gap and just 6 percent say it is okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit. Likely voters express similar preferences. The percentage favoring a combination of spending cuts and tax increases was similar in March (42%) and January (41%), but lower in December 2007 (36%) when most preferred spending cuts alone (42%). Opinion is divided along partisan lines, with half of Republicans (51%) favoring spending cuts and a majority of Democrats (54%) favoring a mix of both cuts and taxes. More independents favor a combined approach (44%) over spending cuts alone (36%). Across regions, San Francisco Bay Area (52%) residents are the most likely to say a combined approach should be considered, while Central Valley and Other Southern California residents are divided between spending cuts alone and a combined approach. “How would you prefer to deal with the state's budget gap?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Mostly through spending cuts 33% 23% 51% 36% Mostly through tax increases 8 10 3 7 Through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases 43 54 34 44 Okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit 6 5 4 6 Other 33 3 2 Don’t know 75 5 5 Likely Voters 36% 9 47 3 3 2 When asked who they trust most to make the tough choices involved in the state budget, residents prefer legislators—37 percent legislative Democrats, 20 percent legislative Republicans—over the governor (17%). Likely voters also prefer the approach of Democrats (36%) or Republicans (22%) in the legislature over that of Governor Schwarzenegger (19%). In January, residents were more likely to prefer the governor’s approach (24%) to that of Republicans in the legislature (18%), but were just as likely (37%) as they are today to prefer the Democrats’ approach. Currently, a sizeable majority of Democrats (63%) prefer legislative Democrats to handle the budget, while nearly half of Republicans prefer legislative Republicans (46%) and one in four prefer the governor (25%). “When it comes to the tough choices involved in the state budget, both in deciding how much Californians should pay in taxes and how to fund state programs, whose approach do you most prefer—Governor Schwarzenegger’s, the Democrats’ in the legislature, or the Republicans’ in the legislature?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Democrats’ in the legislature 37% 63% 6% 29% 36% Republicans’ in the legislature 20 4 46 20 22 Governor Schwarzenegger’s 17 13 25 24 19 Other 11111 None (volunteered) 75687 Don't know 18 14 16 18 15 May 2008 9 Californians and Their Government GOVERNOR’S BUDGET PROPOSAL Governor Schwarzenegger released the May revision of his 2008-09 budget proposal on May 14. This two-page section shows results recorded after the release. The May budget revision retains some of the spending cuts the governor proposed in January, but it removes proposals for the early release of nonviolent prisoners and the closure of state parks. It also revises the plan to suspend minimum spending levels for K-12 public schools (as required by Proposition 98), and instead proposes maintaining K-12 funding without cost of living increases. The budget plan includes spending reductions in health and human services. To raise revenue, the governor proposes borrowing about $15 billion against state lottery income over three years. This idea would need to be approved by voters in November and if they reject the plan, a temporary one-cent sales tax would be triggered. After being read a brief summary of the governor’s revised budget plan, majorities of residents (56%) and likely voters (57%) express dissatisfaction. Thirty-five percent of residents and likely voters express satisfaction. This is the lowest level of satisfaction recorded since Governor Schwarzenegger took office. Across parties today, majorities of Democrats (66%) and independents (52%) are dissatisfied, while 51 percent of Republicans are satisfied. At least half of residents across all demographic groups express dissatisfaction, but Latinos are much more likely than whites (63% to 52%) to do so. “Governor Schwarzenegger proposed a budget plan for the general fund in the next fiscal year that attempts to close the budget gap by borrowing against future state lottery income, maintaining K-12 education funding but not providing cost of living increases, and reducing spending for health and human services. The plan includes no new taxes unless voters reject the lottery plan. In general, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Satisfied 35% 26% 51% 41% 35% Dissatisfied 56 66 39 52 57 Don’t know/Haven’t heard about the budget (volunteered) 9 8 10 7 8 Governor Schwarzenegger’s budget proposal does not contain any tax increases, unless voters reject the plan to borrow against state lottery income. In general, residents and likely voters are divided over tax increases. Since last December, the percentage of residents saying tax increases should be included in the budget has risen sharply, and today it is similar to early 2008, when the governor released his initial budget plan (30% December, 46% January, 48% today). Currently, voters are deeply divided along partisan lines over tax increases, with 62 percent of Democrats saying they should be part of the budget and 62 percent of Republicans saying they should not. Most San Francisco Bay Area residents (58%) favor including tax increases, while half of Other Southern California (50%) residents are opposed, and Los Angeles and Central Valley residents are divided. Support for taxes declines with increases in age, and rises with increases in income. A majority of college graduates also supports tax increases. “Do you think that tax increases should be included in the governor’s budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Yes 48% 62% 33% 49% 50% No 46 33 62 45 46 Don't know 65564 10 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget GOVERNOR’S BUDGET PROPOSAL (CONTINUED) After learning of the governor’s May revisions, nearly eight in 10 residents are very (42%) or somewhat concerned (36%) about the effects of spending reductions in the area of health and human services, and three in four likely voters are also very (42%) or somewhat concerned (34%). Levels of concern vary widely across parties, with a majority of Democrats (55%) saying they are very concerned, compared to 22 percent of Republicans and 34 percent of independents. Across racial/ethnic groups, Latinos (53%) are far more likely than whites (36%) to be very concerned about the effects of spending reductions in health and human services. Women (46%) are more likely than men (37%) to be very concerned, and older and lower-income residents are much more likely than others to be very concerned. “Overall, how concerned are you about the effects of the spending reductions in health and human services in the governor's budget plan?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind Very concerned 42% 55% 22% 34% Somewhat concerned 36 34 36 42 Not too concerned 13 5 24 16 Not at all concerned 7 3 14 7 Don’t know 2341 Likely Voters 42% 34 13 8 3 Solid majorities of residents (58%), likely voters (62%), and registered voters across parties (62% Democrats, 60% independents, 53% Republicans) oppose the governor’s plan to borrow money from future state lottery earnings. This proposal would be put before voters next November and if it does not pass, the temporary one-cent sales tax would go into effect. Majorities of residents (54%), likely voters (57%), Democrats (62%), and independents (56%) would favor temporarily increasing the sales tax if the lottery plan fails, and half of Republicans (51%) agree. “Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to…” All Adults Dem Party Rep …borrow about $15 billion against future state lottery income over the next three years? Favor Oppose Don't know 33% 30% 58 62 98 38% 53 9 …temporarily increase the state Favor 54 62 sales tax by one cent if California voters reject Oppose 41 35 borrowing money against state lottery income? Don't know 5 3 51 45 4 Likely Voters Ind 31% 30% 60 62 98 56 57 39 40 53 The governor has also proposed a constitutional amendment—the Budget Stabilization Act—which would limit the amount of money that state spending could increase each year, establish a rainy day fund, and allow for mid-year spending cuts. This proposal would also require voter approval. Residents are favorable about the constitutional amendment to limit spending and establish a reserve fund. Strong majorities of residents (59%) and likely voters (61%), say this is a good idea, which is slightly lower than in January, when the governor first proposed it (64% residents, 65% likely voters). Across parties today, solid majorities say this is a good idea (69% Republicans, 57% independents, 57% Democrats). May 2008 11 Californians and Their Government STATE SPENDING AND TAXES In recent years, K-12 education has been the largest area of state spending, followed by health and human services, higher education, and youth and adult corrections. When asked what the top area of spending is, only 20 percent of residents say K-12 education, while 37 percent say youth and adult corrections, 27 percent say health and human services, and 7 percent say higher education. When asked what provides the most revenue for the state budget, only 32 percent give the correct answer— personal income tax—while 28 percent say the sales tax (the second largest area of state revenue), 23 percent say corporate taxes (the third largest), and 8 percent name motor vehicle fees (fourth largest). In all, 7 percent of adults can correctly name both the top spending (K-12 education) and the top revenue (personal income tax) sources for the state. When asked about the area of state spending they most want to protect from budget cuts, six in 10 residents (61%) and likely voters (62%) say K-12 education. K-12 education has been the top choice in previous surveys as well (62% June 2003, 59% January 2004, 54% April 2005, 57% January 2008, 61% today). Over half across parties, regions, and demographic groups today name K-12 education as the area they most want to protect. “Some of the largest areas for state spending are: K-12 public education, higher education, health and human services, and prisons and corrections. Thinking about these four areas of state spending, I’d like you to name the one you most want to protect from spending cuts.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind K-12 public education 61% 60% 63% 55% 62% Health and human services 17 21 12 18 16 Higher education 12 12 10 16 12 Prisons and corrections 7 4 11 8 7 Don’t know 33433 In terms of their general spending and tax preference, about half of residents (49%) and 45 percent of likely voters say they would rather pay higher taxes and have more services, while 43 percent of residents and half of likely voters (47%) would rather pay lower taxes and have fewer services. Support today for higher taxes and more services is similar to last May (52%). Opinion today continues to be deeply divided along party lines, with 64 percent of Democrats favoring higher taxes and more services and 69 percent of Republicans favoring lower taxes and fewer services. Independents are divided (45% higher taxes/more services, 49% lower taxes/fewer services). Latinos are far more likely than whites (64% to 44%) to favor higher taxes and more services. “In general, which of the following statements do you agree with more—I’d rather pay higher taxes and have a state government that provides more services, or I’d rather pay lower taxes and have a state government that provides fewer services?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Higher taxes and more services 49% 64% 24% 45% 45% Lower taxes and fewer services 43 29 69 49 47 Don't know 87768 12 PPIC Statewide Survey State Budget RAISING REVENUES Many Californians are willing to raise taxes to reduce the budget gap—if those taxes are imposed on corporations and the wealthiest Californians. But far fewer support raising the state portion of the sales tax or raising the annual vehicle license fee. Six in 10 Californians (63%) and likely voters (62%) favor raising the state taxes paid by California corporations. Democrats and independents favor this tax increase, while Republicans are divided. Across the state’s regions, over six in 10 residents support this proposal. This proposal received strong majority support among adults in 2005 (60%) and 2007 (59%), but today’s level of support is even higher. Residents (69%) and likely voters (64%) are both in favor of raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians. Democrats are much more likely to favor this proposal than independents and Republicans. Over six in 10 residents across regions favor this proposal. Strong majorities have expressed support each time we have asked this question since 2004. “Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about raising the state taxes paid by California corporations? Favor Oppose Don't know 63% 75% 47% 61% 62% 32 21 48 34 34 54554 How about raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians? Favor Oppose Don't know 69 82 46 64 64 28 16 49 34 33 32523 Only 35 percent of residents and 39 percent of likely voters favor raising the state portion of the sales tax. Support for a sales tax increase was similar in January (33% adults, 34% likely voters), and support among adults has not eclipsed 40 percent any of the times that we have asked this question since 2004. Democrats are more likely than Republicans and independents to favor increasing the sales tax. San Francisco Bay Area (45%) residents are the most likely to be in favor of this proposal. Governor Schwarzenegger reduced the annual vehicle license fee when he took office in November 2003. Today, only 37 percent of California residents and 42 percent of likely voters favor increasing the vehicle license fee. In January, a similar 41 percent of adults held this view. Democrats are more likely than independents or Republicans to favor increasing the fee, and San Francisco Bay Area (50%) residents are the most likely, while Central Valley (26%) residents are the least likely to favor increasing this fee. “Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about raising the state portion of the sales tax? Favor Oppose Don't know 35% 43% 32% 31% 39% 61 53 65 65 57 44344 How about increasing the annual vehicle license fee that was reduced a few years ago? Favor Oppose Don't know 37 47 30 36 42 61 50 68 63 56 23212 May 2008 13 Californians and Their Government STRUCTURAL REFORMS A variety of fiscal proposals aimed at making long-term structural reforms to the state budget have been discussed in recent years. About four in 10 California adults (42%) and likely voters (39%) think it is a good idea to replace the two-thirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the legislature to pass a budget. Democrats and independents are more likely than Republicans to favor this proposal. Support for this proposal has been below a majority each time we have asked this question since 2003. Another proposal is to strictly limit the amount of money by which state spending could increase each year. Two in three residents and likely voters think this proposal is a good idea. While majorities across parties favor strictly limiting annual state spending increases, Republicans are far more likely than Democrats or independents to say it is a good idea. Support for this proposal has been over 50 percent each time we have asked this question since 2003 and was similar in January (67%). However, last May far fewer said this was a good idea (53%). “Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about replacing the twothirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the state legislature to pass a budget? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 42% 48% 32% 48% 39% 48 43 59 47 53 10 9 9 5 8 How about strictly limiting the amount of money that state spending could increase each year? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 66 61 81 60 68 28 34 15 34 26 6 5 4 66 Another proposal to increase state revenue would extend the current state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed. Thirty-seven percent of adult residents and 35 percent of likely voters support this proposal. Across parties, fewer than four in 10 support it. Each time we asked this question since 2005, less than a majority of residents has said it is a good idea. Recently, state elected officials have suggested leasing the California State Lottery to a private company as a way to raise revenue. How do Californians view this proposal? Only one in four adults and likely voters say leasing the lottery is a good idea. Less than one in three across parties favors this proposal. A similar percentage of Californians and likely voters held this view in January (28% each). “Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea.” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind How about extending the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed, such as legal and accounting services, auto repairs, and haircuts? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 37% 39% 32% 39% 35% 59 58 66 58 63 43232 How about leasing the California State Lottery to a private company? Good idea Bad idea Don't know 26 20 30 25 25 59 64 54 63 59 15 16 16 12 16 14 PPIC Statewide Survey STATE CONTEXT KEY FINDINGS Californians continue to say the economy is the most important issue facing the state today. Nearly three in four expect bad economic times in the next year and two in three believe the state is headed in the wrong direction. (page 16) Approval ratings of the state’s elected officials have fallen sharply since last year. Majorities of Californians today disapprove of the way that Governor Schwarzenegger is handling the state budget and his job overall. Even larger majorities express disapproval of the legislature. (page 17) Six in 10 Californians say the Proposition 13 tax limit initiative that passed 30 years ago has been a good thing. Few see bad effects of Proposition 13, and most oppose changing its requirement for a two-thirds majority to approve local special taxes. (pages 18, 19) Support for both of the eminent domain initiatives on the June ballot—Propositions 98 and 99—falls short of a majority. Most Californians say that eminent domain laws are in need of changes, and most say that rent control is a good thing. (pages 20, 21) Nearly half of likely voters are very closely following news about the presidential election. Barack Obama has the most favorable image among the three remaining presidential candidates. If the presidential election were held today, John McCain trails Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton by double-digit margins in the state. (pages 22, 23) Economic Outlook for California 100 Expect good times financially Expect bad times financially 80 73 Percent all adults 60 56 58 51 49 52 50 44 40 38 39 42 39 37 38 32 20 17 0 May Aug Jun May May May May May 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Approval Ratings of State Elected Officials 100 80 64 60 Governor Legislature Percent who approve 53 Percent all adults 40 40 20 40 36 37 26 26 41 26 0 May May May May May 04 05 06 07 08 Eminent Domain Ballot Initiatives 60 Percent who would vote "yes" Percent likely voters 50 53 40 37 30 20 30 44 10 0 M arch M ay Proposition 98 M arch M ay Proposition 99 15 Californians and Their Government OVERALL MOOD Californians continue to name jobs and the economy (36%) as the most important issue facing the state today. Fifteen percent name gasoline prices, while fewer mention education and schools (8%), immigration (7%), or the state budget (6%). The mention of jobs and the economy has topped the list of most important issues facing the state since the beginning of the year. Today, residents across all regions of the state name jobs and the economy as the top issue, with Los Angeles residents (39%) the most likely and Central Valley residents (30%) the least likely. “Thinking about the state as a whole, what do you think is the most important issue facing people in California today?” Top five issues mentioned Jobs, economy All Adults 36% Central Valley 30% Region San Francisco Los Angeles Bay Area 35% 39% Other Southern California 37% Gasoline prices 15 19 9 14 17 Education, schools 84 14 7 7 Immigration, illegal immigration 7 7 3 9 9 State budget, deficit, taxes 6 7 8 4 7 Likely Voters 33% 12 10 8 10 Echoing their general concerns about the economy, nearly three in four residents think the state will have bad economic times during the next 12 months; just 17 percent say we will have good times. Findings today are similar to March, when a record 76 percent said they expected bad times. More than two in three across all regional and demographic groups share this negative outlook. Democrats (78%) are more likely than independents (73%) and Republicans (66%) to say they expect bad times. Californians express negative views about the overall direction the state is heading. Just one in four (24%) think the state is heading in the right direction and 65 percent say it is heading in the wrong direction. Findings today again mirror the negative views held by residents in March (26% right direction, 63% wrong direction). About two in three across parties say things are going in the wrong direction. Across regions, residents in Los Angeles (69%), the Central Valley (69%), and the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely to say things in California are going in the wrong direction than residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (58%). Majorities across other demographic groups say the state is going in the wrong direction. With only 24 percent of adults today saying the state is headed in the right direction, negative views about the state of the state have dropped to lows for the decade, matching the lows leading up to the 2003 gubernatorial recall election (22% August 2003, 24% September 2003, 22% in October 2003). “Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Right direction 24% 24% 26% 23% 24% Wrong direction 65 66 64 67 67 Don’t know 11 10 10 10 9 16 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context STATE ELECTED OFFICIALS’ APPROVAL RATINGS Governor Schwarzenegger’s approval rating of 41 percent today is 9 points lower than in January, 16 points lower than last December, and 12 points lower than a year ago. Today, four in 10 adults (41%) and likely voters (45%) approve of the governor’s job performance. Republicans (53%) are more likely than independents (44%) and Democrats (37%) to say they approve. Fewer than half of adults across regions approve of the governor, with those in the Central Valley (48%) the most likely to approve. Whites (52%) are far more likely than Latinos (23%) and men (47%) are more likely than women (35%) to say they approve of his job performance. The governor’s approval ratings drop further on the issue of the budget and taxes. In the wake of the governor’s budget revision, about one in three adults (32%) and likely voters (35%) approve of the governor’s handling of the state budget and taxes. The governor’s approval on this issue has dropped slightly since January (36%) and is at its lowest point since we began asking this question in 2004. About half of Republicans (47%) say they approve, while fewer independents (34%) and Democrats (25%) hold this view. Across regions, residents in the Central Valley (44%) are most approving, while fewer than one in three in other regions approve. Whites (40%) are far more likely than Latinos (18%) to approve of his handling of budget and taxes. Approve Disapprove Don’t know “Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Arnold Schwarzenegger is handling his job as governor of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind 41% 37% 53% 44% 51 56 41 48 8 768 Likely Voters 45% 49 6 Approval of the California Legislature continues to lag well behind the governor’s approval ratings, with 26 percent of adults and 23 percent of likely voters approving of the legislature’s job performance. Similar to the governor’s, the legislature’s ratings have dropped 8 points since January, 15 points since last December, and 11 points from a year ago. Today, Democrats (29%) and independents (25%) are more likely than Republicans (19%) to approve of the legislature and fewer than three in 10 across regions approve. Latinos (32%) are more likely than whites (23%) to say they approve. As for the legislature’s handling of the state budget and taxes, Californians are even more negative in their assessments, with less than one in five residents (19%) and likely voters (16%) approving. The legislature’s ratings along this dimension have dropped 5 points since January (24%) and are at the lowest point since 2003. Fewer than one in five Californians across regions approve. Latinos (25%) are more likely than whites (17%) to approve and approval declines with age and income. “Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California legislature is handling its job?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Approve 26% 29% 19% 25% 23% Disapprove 57 53 71 63 65 Don’t know 17 18 10 12 12 May 2008 17 Californians and Their Government PROPOSITION 13: THIRTY YEARS LATER This year marks the 30th anniversary of Proposition 13, the June 1978 citizen’s initiative that passed and led to a constitutional amendment that limits the property tax rate to 1 percent of assessed value at the time of purchase and restricts annual property tax increases to no more than 2 percent, and requires a two-thirds majority vote to pass local special taxes. Support for Proposition 13 remains high today. A solid majority of adult residents (59%) and likely voters (67%) say that passing Proposition 13 has been mostly a good thing for California. In 2003, at the 25th anniversary of Proposition 13, 57 percent of Californians and 65 percent of likely voters held this view. Today, Republicans (80%) are much more likely than independents (57%) and Democrats (56%) to say it is mostly a good thing. Across regions, residents in the Other Southern California region (64%) are more likely than others to hold this view. Whites (67%) are far more likely than Latinos (47%) and homeowners (67%) are far more likely than renters (47%) to say Proposition 13 is mostly a good thing. Mostly a good thing Mostly a bad thing Mixed (volunteered) Don’t know “Overall, do you feel passing Proposition 13 turned out to be mostly a good thing for California or mostly a bad thing?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Ind 59% 56% 80% 57% 27 31 11 29 2 322 12 10 7 12 Likely Voters 67% 24 2 7 Californians are divided regarding the effect that property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had on local government services provided to residents (27% good effect, 28% bad effect, 29% no effect). In 1998, at its 20th anniversary, 38 percent of Californians said that Proposition 13 had a good effect and 23 percent said a bad effect on local government services. Today, Republicans are the most likely to say that Proposition 13 has had a good effect, while Democrats are the most likely to say bad effect. Los Angeles (30%) and Other Southern California region (30%) residents are the most likely to say it has had a good effect, and San Francisco Bay Area (36%) residents are the most likely to say it has had a bad effect. Homeowners are more likely than renters to say that Proposition 13 has had a good effect (32% to 22%). “Overall, do you think the property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Good effect 27% 25% 36% 27% 31% Bad effect 28 35 14 30 30 No effect 29 26 36 29 28 Don’t know 16 14 14 14 11 As a result of Proposition 13 and increases in home prices in California, a recent homebuyer will pay much higher property taxes than a homeowner who bought a similar home several years ago in the same area. How do Californians feel about this consequence? Forty-one percent of Californians are in favor and 51 percent are opposed, with Republicans (59%), residents in the Other Southern California region (46%), and homeowners (52%) being the most likely to favor this feature. In 1998, at the time of the 20th anniversary, 35 percent were in favor and 59 percent were opposed. 18 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context PROPOSITION 13: THIRTY YEARS LATER (CONTINUED) Another feature of Proposition 13 is its requirement that any new local special taxes need a two-thirds majority vote to pass. How do Californians view the effects of this on local government services? They are divided. About three in 10 Californians say the supermajority vote requirement has had a good effect (32%), while 28 percent say a bad effect, and 25 percent say it has had no effect on local government services. In 1998, at its 20th anniversary, 38 percent said the supermajority vote had had a good effect, 22 percent said a bad effect, and 28 percent said no effect on local government services. There are partisan differences evident today. Most Republicans (48%) and independents (41%) say the supermajority requirement has had a good effect, but only 26 percent of Democrats agree. Whites (37%) are much more likely than Latinos (24%) and homeowners (38%) are more likely than renters (23%) to say the supermajority vote imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect. “Under Proposition 13, a two-thirds vote at the ballot box is required to pass any new local special taxes. Overall, do you think the supermajority vote requirement imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind Good effect 32% 26% 48% 41% 39% Bad effect 28 32 14 22 25 No effect 25 26 25 23 23 Don’t know 15 16 13 14 13 How would Californians feel about replacing the two-thirds vote requirement for local special taxes with a 55 percent majority vote? One in three adults (34%) and likely voters (33%) favor reducing the supermajority vote, while six in 10 are opposed, which is similar to the results in 2003 at the 25th anniversary (adults 32% favor, 60% oppose; likely voters 30% favor, 67% oppose). Today, Democrats (41%) and independents (35%) are more likely than Republicans (24%) to favor a lowering of the supermajority threshold. Residents in the San Francisco Bay Area (41%) are more likely than those in Los Angeles (36%), the Central Valley (31%), and the Other Southern California region (30%) to favor this proposal. Latinos (37%) are somewhat more likely than whites (32%) to favor allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority. Favor Oppose Don’t know “Do you favor or oppose allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority vote instead of a two-thirds vote?” All Adults Dem Party Rep Likely Voters Ind 34% 41% 24% 35% 33% 59 51 70 61 61 7 864 6 May 2008 19 Californians and Their Government JUNE STATE PRIMARY—PROPOSITION 98 The June 3rd primary ballot includes Propositions 98 and 99—two citizens’ initiatives aimed at changing the government’s power of eminent domain. Proposition 98 would bar state and local governments from taking private property to transfer to another private party. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, and would make other changes to property rights and condemnation rules. When read the full ballot title and label for Proposition 98, 30 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 48 percent say they would vote no and 22 percent are unsure. Support for this measure among likely voters has dropped since March (37% yes, 41% no, 22% unsure). More Democrats (58%) and independents (48%) would vote no than yes, while more Republicans would vote yes than no (41% yes, 36% no). Across regions, likely voters are more likely to vote no than yes, and both homeowners and renters are also more likely to vote no than yes. “Proposition 98 is called ‘Eminent Domain Limits on Government Authority Initiative Constitutional Amendment.’ It bars state and local governments from taking or damaging private property for private uses. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, eliminates deference to government in property rights cases, and changes condemnation rules. Fiscal impact includes increased costs to many governments due to the measure’s restrictions. The net statewide fiscal effect, however, probably would not be significant. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 98?” Likely voters only Yes No Don’t know All Likely Voters 30% 48% 22% Democrat 20 58 22 Party Republican 41 36 23 Independent 32 48 20 Central Valley 36 44 20 Region San Francisco Bay Area Los Angeles 29 49 22 26 53 21 Other Southern California 32 46 22 Homeownership status Own Rent 32 45 23 27 56 17 When asked about their opinions of rent control, 54 percent of likely voters say it is a good thing and 38 percent say it is a bad thing. Attitudes towards rent control today are similar to March (53% good thing, 39% bad thing). Strong majorities of Democrats (66%) and half of independents (51%) say it is a good thing, while 53 percent of Republicans say it is a bad thing. Renters (63%) are more likely than homeowners (51%) to say rent control is a good thing, although majorities of both groups say that rent control is a good thing. Of those who would vote yes on Proposition 98, 44 percent call rent control a good thing, while 64 percent of those who would vote no call it a good thing. “Do you think rent control—that is, the ability of local governments to set limits on how much rents can be increased each year—is a good thing or a bad thing?” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Ind Homeownership Status Own Rent Good thing 54% 66% 39% 51% 51% 63% Bad thing 38 26 53 42 41 29 Don’t know 8 8 87 8 8 20 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context JUNE STATE PRIMARY—PROPOSITION 99 Proposition 99, the other eminent domain initiative on the June ballot, would block the government from taking a single family home (or condominium) and transferring the property to another private party. It would, however, allow the use of eminent domain for public uses and it would not prohibit rent control. When read the ballot title and label for Proposition 99, 44 percent of likely voters say they would vote yes, 36 percent say they would vote no, and 20 percent are unsure. Support for this measure among likely voters is lower today than in March (53% yes, 27% no, 20% unsure). Independents (53%) are far more likely than Democrats (45%) and Republicans (42%) to say they would vote yes. This measure has more support than opposition among likely voters across regions. Homeowners (45%) and renters (42%) express somewhat similar support for Proposition 99. “Proposition 99 is called ‘Eminent Domain Limits on Government Acquisition of Owner-Occupied Residence Initiative Constitutional Amendment.’ It bars the use of eminent domain to acquire an owner-occupied residence for conveyance to a private person or business entity. It creates exceptions for public works, public health and safety, and crime prevention. There would be no significant fiscal impact on state or local governments. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 99?” Likely voters only Yes No Don’t know All Likely Voters 44% 36% 20% Democrat 45 34 21 Party Republican 42 37 21 Independent 53 28 19 Central Valley 41 39 20 Region San Francisco Bay Area Los Angeles 43 32 25 46 34 20 Other Southern California 46 37 17 Homeownership status Own Rent 45 35 20 42 38 20 Seven in 10 likely voters say that the government’s power of eminent domain is in need of major changes (39%) or minor changes (32%). Findings today are similar to March (38% major, 33% minor, 15% fine the way it is). Large majorities across parties, regions, and demographic groups say at least minor changes are needed. Of those who would vote yes on Proposition 99, 39 percent say major changes are needed, while 49 percent of those who would vote yes on Proposition 98 say major changes are needed. “Do you think the government’s power of eminent domain—that is, the ability of government to take private property for government use—is in need of major changes, minor changes, or is it fine the way it is?” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Ind Homeownership Status Own Rent Major changes 39% 39% 40% 35% 41% 34% Minor changes 32 28 34 37 32 33 Fine the way it is 17 20 15 18 15 23 Don’t know 12 13 11 10 12 10 May 2008 21 Californians and Their Government PERCEPTIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES With the presidential primary elections winding down, we asked likely California voters about their opinions of the three major presidential candidates. Overall, a majority of likely voters have a favorable opinion of Barack Obama (59%), and half of likely voters say they have an unfavorable opinion of Hillary Clinton (51%) and John McCain (53%). Since March, likely voters’ opinions of Barack Obama (61% favorable, 34% unfavorable) and Hillary Clinton (45% favorable, 52% unfavorable) are largely unchanged, while favorable opinions of John McCain have declined somewhat (49% to 42%). Strong majorities of Democratic likely voters have a favorable opinion of the Democratic candidates (78% Obama, 69% Clinton), while a strong majority of Republican likely voters have a favorable opinion of McCain (70%). Among independent likely voters, Obama (60%) receives the highest favorability rating, while McCain (53%) receives unfavorable ratings and independent likely voters are divided in their opinion of Clinton (46% favorable, 50% unfavorable). Among Latinos, Clinton enjoys the highest favorability ratings among the candidates (72% Clinton, 68% Obama, 38% McCain). “Please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the following presidential candidates…” Likely voters only All Likely Voters Dem Party Rep Latinos Ind Favorable 59% 78% 34% 60% 68% …How about Barack Obama? Unfavorable 36 18 59 33 25 Don't know 54777 Favorable 46 69 17 46 72 …How about Hillary Clinton? Unfavorable 51 28 81 50 24 Don't know 33244 Favorable 42 22 70 41 38 …How about John McCain? Unfavorable 53 72 24 53 53 Don't know 56669 Californians continue to pay close attention to the 2008 presidential election well after the February 5th state primary. Nearly half of likely voters say they are very closely following news about candidates for the presidential election, and another 43 percent say they are fairly closely following news. Attention to news about candidates is high across all political groups. Attention to news has been high since our January survey, prior to the February 5th presidential primary (44% very, 44% fairly closely in January; 50% very, 42% fairly in March; 47% very, 43% fairly today). “How closely are you following news about candidates for the 2008 presidential election?” Likely voters only Party All Likely Voters Latinos Dem Rep Ind Very closely 47% 49% 46% 43% 38% Fairly closely 43 43 43 49 50 Not too closely 7 697 8 Not at all closely 2 211 3 Don’t know 1 -1- 1 22 PPIC Statewide Survey State Context 2008 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION Nearly four months after the California primary and with just a few state primaries remaining, how are California voters viewing the potential matchups between McCain and either Clinton or Obama? If the general election were held today, likely voters in California would favor Obama over McCain by 17 points (54% to 37%). Since March (49% to 40%), Obama’s lead over McCain has increased 8 points. Obama has strong support among Democrats (81%) and majority support among independents (55%), while McCain enjoys strong support among Republicans (73%). Obama leads McCain among both men and women. Half of whites and 69 percent of Latinos say they would vote for Obama over McCain. Obama leads McCain by a double-digit margin among likely voters with annual household incomes less than $40,000 (55% to 35%), $40,000 to $80,000 (55% to 36%), and $80,000 or more (53% to 37%). Likely voters only All Likely Voters Party Gender Race/Ethnicity “If the November 4th presidential election were being held today and these were the candidates, who would you vote for?” Barack Obama, John McCain, the Democrat the Republican Someone else (volunteered) 54% 37% 2% Democrat 81 10 2 Republican 19 73 2 Independent 55 35 2 Men 52 39 2 Women 57 35 2 Latinos 69 20 3 Whites 49 43 1 Don’t know 7% 7 6 8 7 6 8 7 If the general election were held today, likely voters in California would favor Clinton over McCain by 12 points (51% to 39%). Since March (46% to 43%), Clinton’s lead over McCain has increased 9 points. Clinton enjoys solid support among Democrats (80%), and majority support among independents (54%), while McCain has solid support among Republicans (79%). Clinton outpolls McCain among women (56% to 34%), while men are divided (46% Clinton 43%, McCain). Latinos overwhelmingly favor Clinton over McCain (74% to 16%), while whites are divided (46% Clinton, 45% McCain). Clinton leads by a wider margin among voters with less than $40,000 annual household income (58% to 35%) than among households with $80,000 or more (49% to 40%). Likely voters only All Likely Voters Party Gender Race/Ethnicity “If the November 4th presidential election were being held today and these were the candidates, who would you vote for?” Hillary Clinton, the Democrat John McCain, the Republican Someone else (volunteered) 51% 39% 3% Democrat 80 9 4 Republican 12 79 2 Independent 54 32 3 Men 46 43 4 Women 56 34 3 Latinos 74 16 2 Whites 46 45 3 Don’t know 7% 7 7 11 7 7 8 6 May 2008 23 REGIONAL MAP 24 METHODOLOGY The PPIC Statewide Survey is directed by Mark Baldassare, president and CEO and survey director at the Public Policy Institute of California, with assistance in research and writing from Jennifer Paluch, project manager for this survey, and survey research associates Dean Bonner and Sonja Petek. This survey was conducted with funding from The James Irvine Foundation. We benefited from discussions about the current issues with PPIC staff, foundation staff and grantees, and other policy experts. The methods, questions, and content of this report were solely determined by Mark Baldassare and the survey staff. The findings in this report are based on a telephone survey of 2,003 California adult residents interviewed from May 12 to 18, 2008 (beginning on May 14, after the release of the governor’s revised budget, 1,503 adults also answered six questions on this topic). Interviewing took place on weekday nights and weekend days, using a computer-generated random sample of telephone numbers that ensured that both listed and unlisted numbers were called. All landline telephone exchanges in California were eligible. Telephone numbers in the survey sample were called up to six times to increase the likelihood of reaching eligible households. Once a household was reached, an adult respondent (age 18 or older) was randomly chosen for interviewing using the “last birthday method” to avoid biases in age and gender. Each interview took an average of 18 minutes to complete. Interviewing was conducted in English or Spanish. Accent on Languages translated the survey into Spanish with assistance from Renatta DeFever. Abt SRBI Inc. conducted the telephone interviewing. We used recent U.S. Census and state data to compare the demographic characteristics of the survey sample with characteristics of California’s adult population. The survey sample was closely comparable to the census and state figures. The survey data in this report were statistically weighted to account for any demographic differences. The sampling error for the total sample of 2,003 adults is +/- 2 percent at the 95 percent confidence level. This means that 95 times out of 100, the results will be within 2 percentage points of what they would be if all adults in California were interviewed. The sampling error for subgroups is larger: For the six questions asked of 1,503 adults interviewed after the May 14 release of the governor’s revised budget, it is +/-2.5 percent; for the 1,448 registered voters, it is +/- 2.5 percent; for the 1,086 likely voters, it is +/- 3 percent. Sampling error is only one type of error to which surveys are subject. Results may also be affected by factors such as question wording, question order, and survey timing. We present results for four geographic regions, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the state population. “Central Valley” includes Butte, Colusa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Placer, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Shasta, Stanislaus, Sutter, Tehama, Tulare, Yolo, and Yuba counties. “San Francisco Bay Area” includes Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma counties. “Los Angeles” refers to Los Angeles County, and “Other Southern California” includes Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. Residents from other geographic areas are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters. However, sample sizes for these less populated areas are not large enough to report separately. We present specific results for Latinos because they account for about 30 percent of the state’s adult population and constitute one of the fastest growing voter groups. Sample sizes for African Americans and Asian Americans are not large enough for separate analysis. We compare the opinions of registered Democrats, Republicans, and independents (those who are registered as “decline to state”). We also include the responses of “likely voters”— those who are most likely to vote in the state’s elections based on past voting, current interest, and voting intentions. We compare current PPIC Statewide Survey results to those in our earlier PPIC Statewide Surveys. 25 QUESTIONNAIRE AND RESULTS CALIFORNIANS AND THEIR GOVERNMENT May 12-18, 2008 2,003 California Adult Residents: English, Spanish MARGIN OF ERROR +/-2% AT 95% CONFIDENCE LEVEL FOR TOTAL SAMPLE 1. First, thinking about the state as a whole, what do you think is the most important issue facing people in California today? [code, don’t read] 36% jobs, economy 15 gasoline prices 8 education, schools 7 immigration, illegal immigration 6 state budget, deficit, taxes 3 crime, gangs, drugs 3 environment, pollution 3 health care, health costs 3 housing costs, housing availability, subprime housing crisis 14 other 2 don’t know 2. Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction? 24% right direction 65 wrong direction 11 don’t know 3. Turning to economic conditions in California, do you think that during the next 12 months we will have good times financially or bad times? 17% good times 73 bad times 10 don’t know 4. Next, some people are registered to vote and others are not. Are you absolutely certain that you are registered to vote in California? 73% yes [ask q4a] 27 no [skip to q5b] 4a. Are you registered as a Democrat, a Republican, another party, or as an independent? 42% Democrat [ask q5] 33 Republican [skip to q5a] 4 another party (specify) [skip to q6] 21 independent [skip to q5b] 5. Would you call yourself a strong Democrat or not a very strong Democrat? 62% strong 36 not very strong 2 don’t know [skip to q6] 5a. Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican? 51% strong 43 not very strong 6 don’t know [skip to q6] 27 Californians and Their Government 5b. Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or Democratic Party? 21% Republican Party 45 Democratic Party 26 neither (volunteered) 8 don’t know [delayed skip: if q4=no, skip to q16] [responses recorded for questions 6 to 15 are for likely voters only] [rotate questions 6 and 7] 6. If the November 4th presidential election were being held today, and these were the candidates, who would you vote for? [rotate names] 51% Hillary Clinton, the Democrat 39 John McCain, the Republican 3 someone else (specify) 7 don’t know 7. If the November 4th presidential election were being held today, and these were the candidates, who would you vote for? [rotate names] 54% Barack Obama, the Democrat 37 John McCain, the Republican 2 someone else (specify) 7 don’t know Next, please say if you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of the following presidential candidates. [rotate questions 8 to 10] 8. How about Hillary Clinton? 46% favorable 51 unfavorable 3 don’t know/never heard of her (volunteered) 9. How about Barack Obama? 59% favorable 36 unfavorable 5 don’t know/never heard of them (volunteered) 10. How about John McCain? 42% favorable 53 unfavorable 5 don’t know/never heard of them (volunteered) 11.How closely are you following news about candidates for the 2008 presidential election? 47% very closely 43 fairly closely 7 not too closely 2 not at all closely 1 don’t know Next, the June 3rd statewide primary election includes two statewide ballot initiatives. [rotate questions 12 and 13] 12.Proposition 98 is called “Eminent Domain Limits on Government Authority Initiative Constitutional Amendment.” It bars state and local governments from taking or damaging private property for private uses. It prohibits rent control and similar measures, eliminates deference to government in property rights cases, and changes condemnation rules. Fiscal impact includes increased costs to many governments due to the measure’s restrictions. The net statewide fiscal effect, however, probably would not be significant. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 98? 30% yes 48 no 22 don’t know 28 PPIC Statewide Survey 13.Proposition 99 is called “Eminent Domain Limits on Government Acquisition of OwnerOccupied Residence Initiative Constitutional Amendment.” It bars the use of eminent domain to acquire an owner-occupied residence for conveyance to a private person or business entity. It creates exceptions for public works, public health and safety, and crime prevention. There would be no significant fiscal impact on state or local governments. If the June primary election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 99? 44% yes 36 no 20 don’t know [rotate questions 14 and 15] 14.Do you think rent control—that is, the ability of local governments to set limits on how much rents can be increased each year—is a good thing or a bad thing? 54% good thing 38 bad thing 8 don’t know 15.Do you think the government’s power of eminent domain—that is, the ability of government to take private property for government use—is in need of major changes, minor changes, or is it fine the way it is? 39% major changes 32 minor changes 17 fine the way it is 12 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 16.On another topic, overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Arnold Schwarzenegger is handling his job as governor of California? 41% approve 51 disapprove 8 don’t know 17.Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Governor Schwarzenegger is handling the issue of the state budget and taxes? 32% approve 58 disapprove 10 don’t know 18.Next, overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling its job? 26% approve 57 disapprove 17 don’t know 19.Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling the issue of the state budget and taxes? 19% approve 67 disapprove 14 don’t know 20.On another topic, do you think the state budget situation in California—that is, the balance between government spending and revenues—is a big problem, somewhat of a problem, or not a problem for the people of California today? 67% big problem 27 somewhat of a problem 4 not a problem 2 don’t know May 2008 29 Californians and Their Government 21.As you may know, the state government has an annual budget of around $100 billion dollars and currently faces a multibillion dollar gap between spending and revenues. How would you prefer to deal with the state's budget gap—mostly through spending cuts, mostly through tax increases, through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases, or do you think that it is okay for the state to borrow money and run a budget deficit? 33% mostly through spending cuts 8 mostly through tax increases 43 through a mix of spending cuts and tax increases 6 okay to borrow money and run a budget deficit 3 other (specify) 7 don’t know 22.And, in general, which of the following statements do you agree with more—I’d rather pay higher taxes and have a state government that provides more services, or I’d rather pay lower taxes and have a state government that provides fewer services? 49% higher taxes and more services 43 lower taxes and fewer services 8 don’t know 23.When it comes to the tough choices involved in the state budget, both in deciding how much Californians should pay in taxes and how to fund state programs, whose approach do you most prefer—[rotate] [1] Governor Schwarzenegger’s, [2] the Democrats’ in the legislature, [or] [3] the Republicans’ in the legislature? 37% Democrats’ in the legislature 20 Republicans’ in the legislature 17 Governor Schwarzenegger’s 1 other (specify) 7 none (volunteered) 18 don’t know 30 PPIC Statewide Survey [questions 24 to 28a asked beginning May 14 after the release of the governor’s revised budget] 24.Governor Schwarzenegger proposed a budget plan for the general fund in the next fiscal year that attempts to close the budget gap by borrowing against future state lottery income, maintaining K-12 education funding but not providing cost of living increases, and reducing spending for health and human services. The plan includes no new taxes unless voters reject the lottery plan. In general, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the governor’s budget plan? 35% satisfied 56 dissatisfied 2 haven’t heard anything about the budget (volunteered) 7 don’t know 25.Overall, how concerned are you about the effects of the spending reductions in health and human services in the governor's budget plan? 42% very concerned 36 somewhat concerned 13 not too concerned 7 not at all concerned 2 don’t know 26.Do you think that tax increases should be included in the governor’s budget plan? 48% yes 46 no 6 don’t know 27.Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to borrow about $15 billion against future state lottery income over the next three years? 33% favor 58 oppose 9 don’t know 28.Do you favor or oppose the governor’s plan to temporarily increase the state sales tax by one cent if California voters reject borrowing money against state lottery income? 54% favor 41 oppose 5 don’t know 28a.The governor proposed a constitutional amendment that would limit the amount of money that state spending could increase each year, would require the state to place money into reserve in years of budget surplus, and would give the state the authority to make budget adjustments throughout the year. Do you think this constitutional amendment is a good idea or a bad idea? 59% good idea 29 bad idea 12 don’t know 29.Some of the largest areas for state spending are: [rotate] [1] K-12 public education, [2] higher education, [3] health and human services, [and] [4] prisons and corrections. Thinking about these four areas of state spending, I’d like you to name the one you most want to protect from spending cuts. 61% K-12 public education 17 health and human services 12 higher education 7 prisons and corrections 3 don’t know 30.Overall, do you think the state budget process in California, in terms of both revenues and spending, is in need of major changes, minor changes, or do you think it is fine the way it is? 65% major changes 24 minor changes 7 fine the way it is 4 don’t know Tax and fee increases could be used to help reduce the state’s large gap between spending and revenues. For each of the following, please say if you favor or oppose the proposal. [rotate questions 31 to 34] 31.How about raising the state taxes paid by California corporations? 63% favor 32 oppose 5 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 32.How about raising the top rate of the state income tax paid by the wealthiest Californians? 69% favor 28 oppose 3 don’t know 33.How about raising the state portion of the sales tax? 35% favor 61 oppose 4 don’t know 34.How about increasing the annual vehicle license fee that was reduced a few years ago? 37% favor 61 oppose 2 don’t know Spending and tax reforms have been proposed to address structural issues in the state budget. For each of the following, please say whether you think the proposal is a good idea or a bad idea. [rotate questions 35 to 38] 35.How about replacing the two-thirds vote requirement with a 55 percent majority vote for the state legislature to pass a budget? 42% good idea 48 bad idea 10 don’t know 36.How about strictly limiting the amount of money that state spending could increase each year? 66% good idea 28 bad idea 6 don’t know 37.How about extending the state sales tax to services that are not currently taxed, such as legal and accounting services, auto repairs, and haircuts? 37% good idea 59 bad idea 4 don’t know May 2008 31 Californians and Their Government 38.How about leasing the California State Lottery to a private company? 26% good idea 59 bad idea 15 don’t know [rotate questions 39 and 40] 39.I’m going to name some of the largest areas for state spending. Please tell me the one that represents the most spending in the state budget. [read rotated list] 37% youth and adult corrections 27 health and human services 20 K-12 public education 7 higher education 9 don’t know 40.I’m going to name some of the largest areas for state revenues. Please tell me the one that represents the most revenue in the state budget. [read rotated list] 32% personal income tax 28 sales tax 23 corporate tax 8 motor vehicle fees 9 don’t know Changing topics, this year marks the 30th anniversary of Proposition 13, the 1978 ballot measure that limits the property tax rate to 1 percent of assessed value at time of purchase and annual tax increases to no more than 2 percent until the property is sold. 41.Overall, do you feel passing Proposition 13 turned out to be mostly a good thing for California or mostly a bad thing? 59% mostly a good thing 27 mostly a bad thing 2 mixed (volunteered) 12 don’t know 42.And, overall, do you think the property tax limitations imposed by Proposition 13 have had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California? 27% good effect 28 bad effect 29 no effect 16 don’t know 43.As a result of Proposition 13 and increases in home prices in California, a homeowner who recently purchased a home will pay much higher property taxes than a homeowner who purchased a similar home several years ago in the same neighborhood. Do you favor or oppose this feature of Proposition 13? 41% favor 51 oppose 7 don’t know 44.Under Proposition 13, a two-thirds vote at the ballot box is required to pass any new local special taxes. Overall, do you think the supermajority vote requirement imposed by Proposition 13 has had a good effect or a bad effect or no effect on local government services provided to residents in the state of California? 32% good effect 28 bad effect 25 no effect 15 don’t know 45.Do you favor or oppose allowing local special taxes to pass with a 55 percent majority vote instead of a two-thirds vote? 34% favor 59 oppose 7 don’t know 32 PPIC Statewide Survey 46.Next, would you consider yourself to be politically: [read list, rotate order top to bottom] 10% very liberal 20 somewhat liberal 31 middle-of-the-road 22 somewhat conservative 13 very conservative 4 don’t know Questionnaire and Results 47.Generally speaking, how much interest would you say you have in politics? 25% great deal 40 fair amount 28 only a little 7 none [d1-d13: demographic questions] May 2008 33 PPIC STATEWIDE SURVEY ADVISORY COMMITTEE Ruben Barrales President and Chief Executive Officer San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce Angela Blackwell Founder and Chief Executive Officer PolicyLink Paul Brest President The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Mollyann Brodie Vice President Kaiser Family Foundation Bruce E. Cain Executive Director Institute of Governmental Studies University of California, Washington Center James E. Canales President The James Irvine Foundation Jon Cohen Director of Polling The Washington Post Matthew K. Fong Special Counsel Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton, LLP Russell Hancock President and Chief Executive Officer Joint Venture Silicon Valley Network William Hauck President California Business Roundtable Sherry Bebitch Jeffe Senior Scholar School of Policy, Planning, and Development University of Southern California Carol S. Larson President and Chief Executive Officer The David and Lucile Packard Foundation Monica Lozano Publisher and Chief Executive Officer La Opinión Donna Lucas Chief Executive Officer Lucas Public Affairs Dan Rosenheim News Director KPIX-TV Robert K. Ross, M.D. President and Chief Executive Officer The California Endowment Cathy Taylor Vice President and Editorial Commentary Director Orange County Register Raymond L. Watson Vice Chairman of the Board Emeritus The Irvine Company Carol Whiteside President Emeritus Great Valley Center The PPIC Statewide Survey Advisory Committee is a diverse group of experts who provide advice on survey issues. However, survey methods, questions, content, and timing are determined solely by PPIC. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Thomas C. Sutton, Chair Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Pacific Life Insurance Company Mark Baldassare President and Chief Executive Officer Public Policy Institute of California Ruben Barrales President and Chief Executive Officer San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce Linda Griego President and Chief Executive Officer Griego Enterprises, Inc. Edward K. Hamilton Chairman Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc. Gary K. Hart Former State Senator and Secretary of Education State of California Walter B. Hewlett Director Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities Donna Lucas Chief Executive Officer Lucas Public Affairs Leon E. Panetta Director The Leon & Sylvia Panetta Institute for Public Policy Ki Suh Park Design and Managing Partner Gruen Associates Constance L. Rice Co-Director The Advancement Project Raymond L. Watson Vice Chairman of the Board Emeritus The Irvine Company Carol Whiteside President Emeritus Great Valley Center Copyright © 2008 Public Policy Institute of California All rights reserved San Francisco, CA Short sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, may be quoted without written permission provided that full attribution is given to the source and the above copyright notice is included. PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE OF CALIFORNIA 500 Washington Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, California 94111 phone: 415.291.4400 fax: 415.291.4401 PPIC Sacramento Center Senator Office Building 1121 L Street, Suite 801 Sacramento, California 95814 phone: 916.440.1120 fax: 916.440.1121 www.ppic.org survey@ppic.org"
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