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Realignment and Recidivism in California

By Mia Bird, Ryken Grattet, Viet Nguyen

California has experienced significant changes in its criminal justice landscape since the 2011 implementation of public safety realignment—which shifted the management of lower-level offenders from the state prison and parole system to county jail and probation systems. The prison population has dropped dramatically, and though jail populations rose, overall incarceration levels have declined.

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A Closer Look at Early Jail Releases

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

Almost three years after California’s public safety realignment took effect, county sheriffs have few options for handling jail populations that are approaching historical highs reached in 2007.

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Concerns about Gun Violence Are Widespread

By Dean Bonner, Deja Thomas

As violent crime increases around the state, one in four Californians—slightly larger than the share nationally—worry either every day or almost every day that they or a loved one will be a victim of gun violence. Parents in California are much more likely than adults without children to worry about gun violence.

Fact Sheet

California’s Health Care Safety Net

By Shannon McConville, Shalini Mustala

Millions of low-income Californians rely on the health care safety net. More than 15 million are enrolled in Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program; about 3 million are uninsured. Core providers—including county hospitals, health clinics, and emergency departments—treat patients regardless of their ability to pay or their immigration status.

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COVID-19 and Crime in Major California Cities

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

As people across the state shelter in place, the overall number of reported crimes is declining in four of California’s largest cities, though there is evidence of an uptick in certain types of crime.

Report

Key Factors in Arrest Trends and Differences in California’s Counties

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin, Justin Goss, Joseph Hayes

Arrests in California have declined in the last few decades—driven by lower crime rates and criminal justice reforms. While rural, poorer counties tend to have higher overall arrest rates, affluent counties often see larger racial disparities in arrests.

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Alternatives to Incarceration in California

By Ryken Grattet, Brandon Martin

Three-plus years after implementing a major realignment of its public safety systems, California continues to face pressure to reduce both its prison and jail populations. California relied on some alternatives to custody-based punishment before realignment but it has been expanding its use of others. Current research on the effects of incarceration and its alternatives offers a general endorsement of the idea that increasing reliance on community-based alternatives is not likely to result in large increases in crime and recidivism. The evidence suggests that the effectiveness of both incarceration and community-based supervision depends on a number of factors, including the rate of incarceration in a given community, the offender characteristics, and the nature of the response to violations during and after supervision. Finally, intensive data collection on county implementation efforts can help the state identify the community-based strategies that produce the best outcomes.

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Putting the Governor’s Sentencing Proposal in Context

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

Governor Brown’s proposed ballot measure could significantly alter sentencing in California. It follows the path of decreased reliance on incarceration that the state has been on since 2009.

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Video: Spotlight on Rural California

By Mary Severance

PPIC president and CEO Tani Cantil-Sakauye speaks with assembly Republican leader James Gallagher and then with a panel of local and regional leaders about key rural issues for state policymakers to address.

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