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How Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration Shape the California Electorate

By Jack Citrin, Benjamin Highton

Although the ethnic composition of California's population has changed dramatically over the last two decades, the voting population's profile is shifting slowly by comparison. In How Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration Shape the California Electorate, Jack Citrin and Benjamin Highton study turnout gaps across California's four largest racial and ethnic groups. They find that the relatively low turnout among Latinos and Asians, the two groups with the largest immigrant populations, can be traced to markedly different causes. Facilitating naturalization is an important step toward faster political incorporation for all immigrants, but the authors conclude that no single policy designed to boost voting is likely to work for both Latinos and Asians.

Report

Taking the Oath: An Analysis of Naturalization in California and the United States

By Elisa Barbour, Hans Johnson, Belinda Reyes, Laura Mameesh

California has the largest noncitizen population in the nation (over 6 million people) and a lower naturalization rate than every other state but Texas. This report seeks to better understand the naturalization behavior of immigrants in California by comparing patterns and trends in the state with those in the rest of the nation. It addresses the following specific questions:

  • How has the propensity to naturalize changed over time?
  • What factors are associated with naturalization?
  • Do California immigrants have a different propensity to naturalize? If so, why?
  • How and why do naturalization rates vary across California counties?
  • What role have California state and local government played in encouraging naturalization?

Report

Undocumented Immigration to California: 1980-1993

By Hans Johnson

California leads every state in the nation as a destination for undocumented immigrants.  The Immigration and Naturalization Service estimates that almost half of the undocumented population in the United States resides in California.  Yet, the precise numbers remain elusive, and estimating the annual change in the size of this population is even more difficult.  Using a variety of data and assumptions about population change, the author develops the first systematic estimates of annual changes in the net flow of undocumented immigrants to California.  Although the range of the various estimates is sizable, the pattern over time is consistent across a widely differing set of assumptions.

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