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Policy Brief

Policy Brief: Racial Disparities in Law Enforcement Stops

By Magnus Lofstrom, Joseph Hayes, Brandon Martin, Deepak Premkumar

In an effort to directly confront concerns over racial inequities in criminal justice, California passed the Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) in 2015. RIPA data on law enforcement stops reveal that Black Californians have notably different experiences during stops than white Californians.

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Racial Disparities in Law Enforcement Stops

By Magnus Lofstrom, Joseph Hayes, Brandon Martin, Deepak Premkumar

Recent debate over police reforms has centered on how law enforcement engages with people of color, prompted by continuing concerns over racial inequities in criminal justice. In our analysis of data for nearly 4 million stops, we examine how interactions—ranging from search to use of force—differ for Black and white people, while considering factors such as stop context and law enforcement agency.

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Recent State Crime Trends Mostly Mirror the Nation

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

Newly released FBI data show that trends in California’s crime rate last year—including a large and troubling jump in homicides—mostly mirrored national trends, but with some key differences.

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Tracking Anti-Asian Hate

By Vicki Hsieh, Joseph Hayes

As Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities continue to confront verbal and physical attacks, we spoke with Karthick Ramakrishnan, founder of AAPI Data and adjunct PPIC fellow, about this troubling trend.

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California’s Major Cities See Increases in Homicides and Car Thefts

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

New crime data show that four major cities—Los Angeles, Oakland, San Diego, and San Francisco—have seen an increase in homicides and car thefts, though violent and property crimes overall remain below pre-pandemic levels.

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California’s Major Cities See Some Increases in Crime

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin

Violent crime in four major cities—Los Angeles, Oakland, San Diego, and San Francisco—is generally no higher than prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but some violent crimes have increased.

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How Much Do California Cities Spend on Policing?

By Brandon Martin, Alexandria Gumbs

On a per resident basis, cities’ spending on policing ranges from less than $100 to several thousand dollars, with the vast majority spending between $150 and $450.

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Video: Proposition 47 and Racial Disparities in California

By Mary Severance

PPIC’s Brandon Martin presents new research on how Prop 47 has narrowed racial inequities in criminal justice outcomes—though much work remains. An expert panel discusses how to build on this and other reforms.

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Proposition 47’s Impact on Racial Disparity in Criminal Justice Outcomes

By Magnus Lofstrom, Brandon Martin, Steven Raphael

Proposition 47, which reclassified a number of drug and property offenses from felonies to misdemeanors, has led to a marked decrease in racial disparities in arrests and bookings in California. But rates remain significantly higher for African Americans than for other groups.

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