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Racial Disparities in Law Enforcement Stops

By Magnus Lofstrom, Joseph Hayes, Brandon Martin, Deepak Premkumar

Recent debate over police reforms has centered on how law enforcement engages with people of color, prompted by continuing concerns over racial inequities in criminal justice. In our analysis of data for nearly 4 million stops, we examine how interactions—ranging from search to use of force—differ for Black and white people, while considering factors such as stop context and law enforcement agency.

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How Much Do California Cities Spend on Policing?

By Brandon Martin, Alexandria Gumbs

On a per resident basis, cities’ spending on policing ranges from less than $100 to several thousand dollars, with the vast majority spending between $150 and $450.

Report

Racial Disparities in Traffic Stops

By Magnus Lofstrom, Joseph Hayes, Brandon Martin, Deepak Premkumar

Traffic stops have emerged as a key driver of racial disparities in law enforcement and an area of potential reform. Our new report examines whether certain types of traffic stops could be enforced in alternative ways that reduce racial disparities and risks to officers and civilians without jeopardizing public safety.

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Changing Views of Police and Race Relations

By Mark Baldassare, Dean Bonner, Alyssa Dykman, Rachel Lawler

Californians’ views on police treatment and race relations have shifted in the wake of nationwide protests over police brutality and systemic racism, but perspectives vary by race/ethnicity, political affiliation, region, and other factors.

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How Prevalent Is Policing in California Schools?

By Andrew Lee, Joseph Hayes

Across California, two-thirds of high school students, a quarter of middle-schoolers, and about one in ten elementary-grade students attend schools that use school resource officers (SROs), sworn police officers with the legal authority to make arrests.

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Black Californians Stand Out in Views of Police Treatment

By Rachel Lawler, Deja Thomas

About one in five African Americans believe the police treat all racial and ethnic groups fairly, compared with half or more of whites, Asian Americans, and Latinos who believe this.

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Who Do California’s Police Officers Stop – and Why?

By Amalia Mejia, Brandon Martin, Magnus Lofstrom

An analysis of “stop data” shows that Latinos are less likely to be stopped for reasonable suspicion than Black or white individuals, but more likely than others to be stopped for a traffic violation.

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